摘要
【目的】通过探究负载量对苹果新品种瑞香红高接树的果实生长、果实品质以及经济效益的影响,为高接瑞香红苹果树的适宜负载量提供依据。【方法】以高接第5年的瑞香红苹果树为材料,应用干截面积法设计3种负载量处理,以最大负载量为对照,T1:3.0个·cm^(-2)TCSA(树干横截面积,trunk cross-sectional area);T2:2.0个·cm^(-2)TCSA;T3:1.3个·cm^(-2)TCSA;CK:4.3个·cm^(-2)TCSA,测定每种负载量下果实纵横径增长速率、果实外观与内在品质、果实香气物质含量,根据果实产量与分级标准预估每种负载量下的经济效益。【结果】随着负载量降低,果实生长速率、大型果所占比率、平均单果质量、翌年开花数量、果面a值,以及可溶性固形物、果糖、葡萄糖、香气物质含量均表现出增加趋势;果实的产量、硬度、蔗糖含量表现出降低趋势;果实的果形指数、果面L值、果面b值、可滴定酸含量无显著变化;预估经济效益先增高后降低。【结论】低负载量下果实生长速率较快,果实品质较好,但产量与经济效益较低;提高负载量虽然能增加产量,但会降低果实品质,综合来看,高接第5年的瑞香红苹果树以3.0个·cm^(-2)TCSA的负载量较为适宜。
【Objective】Crop load is one of the important indicators of orchard productivity.It is of great significance to study the suitable crop load for new varieties after top grafting.In this experiment,the effects of different crop load levels on fruit growth,fruit quality and economic benefits of Ruixianghong apple trees were studied to determine the appropriate crop load in production.【Methods】The materials were apple variety Ruixianghong trees top grafted 5 years before onto M26 dwarfing interstock Qinfu 1 trees planted in 2007(11 years old when top grafting).Crop loads were adjusted to 1.3(T3),2.0(T2),3.0(T1),and 4.3 fruit·cm^(-2)of trunk cross-sectional area(TCSA),with the highest crop load as the control check(Control:4.3 fruit·cm^(-2)TCSA).From late May to fruit harvest,the maximum longitudinal diameter and the maximum transverse diameter of the fruit were measured regularly.Fruit weight,hardness,soluble solids,titratable acid and color parameters L,a,b,total aroma volatile compounds,and the relative content of each component were measured at harvest.The impact of crop load on economic return was analyzed.【Results】With the decrease in crop load,the growth rate of fruit longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter showed a decreasing trend,and the growth rate was in a pattern of T3>T2>T1>control.At 192 days after flowering,the fruit transverse diameter of T1,T2 and T3 increased by 8.2%,12.7%and 17.2%respectively,and the fruit longitudinal diameter increased by 6.9%,11.3%and 15.8%respectively compared with control.Crop load had no significant effect on fruit brightness,background color,growth pattern of longitudinal and transverse diameters,fruit shape index and its change pattern.The higher the crop load,the lower the average single fruit weight.Compared with control,the single fruit weight of T1,T2 and T3 increased significantly by 28.0%,37.2%and 58.5%,respectively.When the crop load was reduced to T2 and T3 levels,the color value showed a significant difference.At T3 level,the fruit hardness decr
作者
王伯臣
李鸿飞
杨亚州
丁小艺
赵政阳
WANG Bochen;LI Hongfei;YANG Yazhou;DING Xiaoyi;ZHAO Zhengyang(College of Horticulture,Northwest Agricultural&Forestry University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Apple Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期1146-1156,共11页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-27)。
关键词
苹果
负载量
果实品质
果实大小
经济效益
Malus domestica Borkh.
Crop load
Fruit quality
Fruit size
Economic efficiency
