摘要
明确湿地变化特征及其影响因素是开展湿地管理与保护工作的重要前提。利用1980年、1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年、2015年和2020年太湖流域的土地利用数据,采用土地利用转移模型、景观指数和地理探测器等方法,研究了太湖流域湿地的时空变化特征及其影响因素。研究结果表明,1980年至2020年期间8个时期,随着时间的推移,太湖流域的湿地面积不断减少,湿地面积共减少了6328.17 km^(2),其中,水田、滩涂和滩地面积呈减少趋势,河渠和水库坑塘面积呈增加趋势,湖泊面积相对稳定;太湖流域最主要的土地利用变化是大面积水田转变为建设用地,有6383.90 km^(2)湿地转变为建设用地,其中,有6230.35 km^(2)水田转变为建设用地;湿地景观形状趋于复杂,景观连通性逐渐降低,各景观类型所占比例趋于均衡化,景观异质性增加;湿地变化是人为因素和自然因素综合作用的结果,人类活动是太湖流域湿地变化最重要的影响因素,土壤类型、地貌类型也是湿地变化的重要影响因素。
Understanding characteristics and driving forces behind wetland pattern evolution is a crucial prerequisite for effective management and conservation of the wetlands.Using land use data of Taihu Lake basin in 1980,1990,1995,2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2020,this paper presented an analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics of changes of the wetlands in Taihu Lake basin and their influencing factors by employing land use transfer matrices,landscape indexes,and geodetector.The results showed that from 1980 to 2020,the area of the wetlands in Taihu Lake basin experienced a consistent decline,amounting to a total loss of 6328.17 km^(2).Decreasing trends were observed in the areas of paddy fields,mudflats,and floodplains,while the areas of rivers and channels,reservoirs and ponds expanded,and the areas of the lakes remained relatively stable for 8 periods.The primary land use transformation in Taihu Lake basin involved converting a substantial area of paddy fields into construction lands,with 6383.90 km^(2)of the wetlands being repurposed for construction,including 6230.35 km^(2)that was occupied by paddy fields.The wetland landscape shape became increasingly complex,landscape connectivity progressively diminishes,the distribution of different landscape types approached a more balanced state,and heterogeneity grew.Wetland changes resulted from the combined impact of both human activities and natural factors.In Taihu Lake basin,human activities played the most significant role in influencing wetland changes,while soil and geomorphic types also served as important factors to wetland alterations.
作者
董斯齐
袁军
吴春生
杨永峰
路荣荣
DONG Siqi;YUAN Jun;WU Chunsheng;YANG Yongfeng;LU Rongrong(Academy of Forestry Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100714,P.R.China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Beijing 100101,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China)
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期176-185,共10页
Wetland Science
基金
国家林业和草原局自主研发计划项目(LC-2-07)
国家自然科学基金项目(32171574和41801354)资助。
