摘要
在儒学发展史上,存在着一条相对比较固定的“道统”脉络,即“伏羲→神农→黄帝→尧→舜→禹→汤→周文王→周武王→周公→孔子→孟子”,以上人物共同构成历代儒者的信仰对象,统称为圣人。但在这一传道谱系中,根据生前地位及事功的不同,这些圣人又可分为“圣王”和“圣师”两大类。事实上,圣王、圣师在后世儒者心目中分别扮演着不同的角色:圣王具有彼岸性,本质为供人崇拜的“偶像”,是“期待再现”的圣人,寄托着儒者的政治目标和社会理想;圣师具有此岸性,本质为供人学习的“榜样”,是“希望变成”或“始终追随”的圣人,承载着儒者的人生追求和个人梦想。厘清儒家信仰体系中的偶像与榜样,有助于今人更加确切地把握儒学的历史脉络和发展走向。
In the history of Confucianism,there has been a relatively fixed routine of how Taoism is inherited from generation to generation,namely“Fu Hsi→Shen Nong→Huang Di→Yao→Shun→Yu→Tang→King Wen of Zhou→King Wu of Zhou→Zhou Gong→Confucius→Mencius”,forming the belief of the Confucian scholars known as saints being divided into two categories of“Saint Kings”and“Saint Masters”according to their status and achievements.With different roles among later generations,“Saint Kings”are unreachable idols assembled with political goals and social ideals of Confucian,while“Saint Masters”are reachable models carrying their life pursuits and personal dreams.It is of great help to understand more accurately the historical context and development trend of Confucianism in clarifying idols and models in Confucian belief.
作者
常樯
CHANG Qiang(Nishan World Center for Confucian Studies,Jinan,Shandong 250101,China;Institute for Advanced Studies of Confucianism,Shandong University,Jinan,Shandong 250100,China)
出处
《衡水学院学报》
2023年第3期87-96,共10页
Journal of Hengshui University
关键词
儒家道统
圣王
圣师
偶像
榜样
Confucian routine
“Saint Kings”
“Saint Masters”
idol
model
