摘要
为促进猪粪静态兼性堆肥产品无害化和腐熟,通过添加玉米秸秆调控堆体物理结构特性和碳氮比,采用传统自然发酵方式进行为期90d的静态兼性堆肥试验,分别设置纯猪粪处理(P)和秸秆调控处理(PC)研究静态兼性堆肥过程腐熟度指标、粪大肠菌群以及微生物群落结构演变特征。结果表明,秸秆调控增加了堆体孔隙率(提高19.41%),促进氧气向堆体内部扩散,增强了好氧微生物对有机质的降解,降低NH_(4)^(+)-N,可溶性有机氮(dissolved total nitrogen,DTN)等植物毒性物质含量,提升了堆肥腐熟度,两组处理堆肥产品种子发芽指数分别为40.84%(P)和114.60%(PC)。静态兼性堆肥经过30~40 d自然发酵后,粪大肠菌群数量达到卫生安全标准,堆体温度、NH_(4)^(+)-N和有机酸含量均会影响粪大肠杆菌的活性。堆体中微生物以厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门等与木质纤维素降解相关的菌门为优势菌门,堆体自上而下由好氧菌属演替为厌氧菌属,并形成好氧、兼性、厌氧的微生物分层。秸秆调控增加了堆体的好氧区域,促进和提高了猪粪静态兼性堆肥无害化和腐熟度。
Static facultative composting is one of the most widely-used,cost-effective,lightweight,and simple technologies to utilize local resources in modern agriculture.More than 60%of livestock and poultry manure(especially pig manure)can be treated using static composting.Static facultative composting can also create an aerobic environment with low porosity and limited depth of air diffusion within the heap,resulting in the low metabolic activity of microorganisms.Degradation of organic matter can be inevitably delayed,due to the long fermentation cycles,low fermentation temperatures,incomplete harmlessness,and low product maturity.Alternatively,the straw can be added to adjust the physical structure,oxygen content,and C/N ratios of the heap,in order to effectively improve the rot degree of static facultative compost products for the short rot cycle.This study aims to explore the effects of straw control on the maturity and microbial community structure of static facultative composting,especially on pathogenic bacteria.The corn straw was taken to regulate the physical structure and C/N ratio of the pile.A 90-day static facultative composting experiment was conducted using traditional natural fermentation.A systematic investigation was made to clarify the maturation index,fecal coliforms,and microbial community structure in the static facultative composting.The composting device was set as a 100 L flanged iron hoop bucket.Two treatments were set up in total.The control group was set without pig manure to label as the P treatment.The mixed compost of pig manure and corn straw was labeled as the PC treatment.The wet base mass ratio of 4:1 was selected without ventilation and heap turning.The results showed that the straw regulation increased the porosity of the compost(increased by 19.41%),and then promoted the diffusion of oxygen to the interior of the compost for the better degradation of organic matter by aerobic microorganisms.Specifically,the contents of phytotoxic substances were reduced(such as NH_(4)^(+)-N and DTN
作者
尹子铭
杨燕
唐若兰
鲍紫阳
李丽琼
彭丽娟
李国学
袁京
YIN Ziming;YANG Yan;TANG Ruolan;BAO Ziyang;LI Liqiong;PENG Lijuan;LI Guoxue;YUAN Jing(Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation,College of Resource and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期218-226,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0316)
国家自然科学基金项目(42207380)。
关键词
秸秆
品质控制
静态兼性堆肥
粪大肠菌群
微生物群落
stover
quality control
static facultative composting
fecal coliforms
microbial community
