摘要
程度特指问提问属性量,构造形式是“程度疑问代词+量项成分”,量项成分为等级义成分;由于程度具有数值和等级描写的双重内涵,程度特指问也能用以上两者回答。基于跨方言比较,汉语程度特指问的类型特点有:1)构造类型有光杆型、后缀型、正反型、正反-后缀型和重叠型五种;2)部分方言存在句法变异,构造类型和程度疑问代词的选择,与量项成分是否可量度、是否区分中性问和偏向问相关;3)程度疑问代词来源于数量疑问代词、方式疑问代词或程度副词。文章最后提出汉语程度疑问代词的语义演变模型,讨论共性与个性问题。
Wh-questions on degree ask about the quantity of certain attribute in the form of“interrogative pronoun of degree+quantity item",in which the quantity item is often a gradable adjective.Since the category of degree has a dual connotation of both numeral value and the description of scale,wh-questions on degree can also be answered in two ways accordingly.Based on cross-dialect comparisons,Chinese wh-questions on degree has the following characteristics:1)The quantity item can be a bare adjective,a form with suffix,a compound of antonymic pair,or such a pair with a suffix,and a reduplicated form;2)In certain dialects,syntactic variations are found in relation to whether the quantity item is measurable or whether neutral questions and biased questions are semantically distinguished;3)The interrogative pronouns of degree are derived from those of quantity,of manner or adverbs of degree.The paper also proposes a semantic model of the evolution of Chinese interrogative pronouns of degree and discusses its universals and variations.
作者
陈鑫颖
盛益民
CHEN Xinying;SHENG Yimin
出处
《中国语文》
北大核心
2023年第3期279-290,382,共13页
Studies of the Chinese Language
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“吴语语料库建设和吴语比较研究”(20&ZD301)
国家社科基金重点项目“汉语方言语法特征语料库建设”(19AYY004)的支持。
关键词
程度特指问
构造类型
程度疑问代词
句法变异
演变模型
wh-questions on degree
construction types
interrogative pronouns of degree
syntactic variation
model of evolution
