摘要
垄沟集雨种植是我国半干旱黄土高原丘陵区缓解干旱和控制水土流失的有效节水耕作措施,耐久环保覆盖材料缺乏是限制垄沟集雨种植技术发展的关键因素。为探寻适宜覆盖材料,本研究以生物炭-土壤结皮作为垄沟集雨种植覆盖材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区为2种生物炭类型(玉米秸秆炭和牛粪炭),副区为3种生物炭施加量[0(土垄)、3×10^(4)(单倍炭)和6×10^(4) kg·hm^(−2)(双倍炭)],研究生物炭-土壤结皮覆盖垄沟集雨种植对径流、土壤水分、养分、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)营养成分和产量的影响。结果表明,与牛粪炭-土壤结皮覆盖集雨垄相比,玉米秸秆炭-土壤结皮覆盖集雨垄提高径流系数、土壤水分、紫花苜蓿干草产量和水分利用效率,玉米秸秆炭-土壤结皮覆盖集雨垄的紫花苜蓿全生育期干草产量和水分利用效率分别提高3.34%和0.82 kg·(hm^(2)·mm)^(−1)。径流系数和土壤贮水量随生物炭施加量的增加而降低,土壤养分、pH、紫花苜蓿品质和相对饲喂价值随生物炭施加量的增加而升高;与土垄相比,单倍炭垄和双倍炭垄的紫花苜蓿干草产量分别增加3.96%~11.05%和3.33%~6.43%,水分利用效率分别增加0.96~1.88和0.98~1.38 kg·(hm^(2)·mm)^(−1)。综合紫花苜蓿干草产量和水分利用效率结果分析,单倍(3×10^(4) kg·hm^(−2))玉米秸秆炭-土壤结皮适宜于垄沟集雨种植模式。
Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting(RFRH)is an effective method of collecting rainwater to alleviate drought and control soil erosion in the hilly areas of the semi-arid Loess Plateau in China.The lack of durable covering materials for environmental protection is the key factor limiting the development of RFRH.To determine a suitable ridge-mulching material for RFRH,a field trial with a randomized split-plot design was carried out to determine how the ridges compacted with soil mixed with two types of biochar(rice straw biochar and cow dung biochar)affect the runoff,soil moisture,soil nutrients,soil quality,fodder yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of alfalfa(Medicago sativa).Three application rates(no biochar application,0 kg·ha^(−1);single rate of application,3×10^(4) kg·ha^(−1);and double rate of application rate,6×10^(4) kg·ha^(−1))were used,and the ridges compacted with soil without biochar was used as a control.The treatments were RSB(rice straw biochar)and CDB(cow dung biochar)as the main plot,and SR(ridges compacted with soil),SBR(ridges compacted with soil mixed with a single biochar application),and DBR(ridges compacted with soil mixed with double biochar application)as split-plot treatments.The results showed that,compared with CDB,RSB increased the runoff coefficient,soil moisture,fodder yield,and WUE of alfalfa.Similarly,the fodder yield and WUE of alfalfa in RSB increased by 3.34%and 0.82 kg·(ha·mm)^(−1),respectively.Furthermore,the runoff coefficient and soil water storage capacity decreased,while the soil nutrients,pH,nutrition content,and relative feed value(RFV)of alfalfa increased with the increase in biochar application rates.Compared with SR,the increases in the fodder yield of alfalfa in SBR and DBR were 3.96%~11.05%and 3.33%~6.43%,respectively,and the increases in the WUE of alfalfa of the SBR and DBR were 0.96~1.88 and 0.98~1.38 kg·(ha·mm)^(−1),respectively.Rice straw biochar applied at a rate of 3×10^(4) kg·ha^(−1 )was found to be the most suitable form of biochar for
作者
王小赟
王琦
张登奎
周旭姣
赵武成
赵晓乐
刘青林
崔循臻
WANG Xiaoyun;WANG Qi;ZHANG Dengkui;ZHOU Xujiao;ZHAO Wucheng;ZHAO Xiaole;LIU Qinglin;CUI Xunzhen(College of grassland science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Dingxi Hydraulic Research Institute,Dingxi 744300,Gansu,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1014-1026,共13页
Pratacultural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42061050、41661059)
甘肃省教育厅优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(2021CXZX-348)。
关键词
生物炭-土壤结皮
垄沟集雨
径流
土壤水分
土壤养分
干草产量
水分利用效率
soil-biochar crust
ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting
runoff
soil moisture
soil nutrients
fodder yield
water use efficiency
