摘要
[研究目的]欺骗是对情报的谋略运用,是认知对抗的基本手段,孙子和迈克·I.汉德尔的著作中都蕴含丰富的欺骗理论,系统梳理其欺骗理论并进行比较研究,有利于形成对中西方欺骗理论异同的直观认识并指导欺骗与反欺骗工作实践。[研究方法]采取文本对比分析法,从对欺骗的总体认识、对欺骗方法的认识、对反欺骗的认识三个方面对二者的欺骗理论进行对比研究,重点阐述两者欺骗理论的异同和优劣。[研究结论]孙子的欺骗理论兼具哲学层面的高度和触及战争本质规律的深度,在实践层面也更具实操性和谋略性,但忽视了欺骗活动的风险性和投机性;汉德尔基于认知心理学视角的欺骗理论拓宽了欺骗研究的视角,对欺骗潜在的危害也有成熟的认识,但在实践层面则过于悲观和理想化,两者交相辉映又互为补充。因此,在今天的欺骗理论研究中,应重视对中西方欺骗理论的比较研究和融合发展。
[Research purpose]Deception is the strategic use of intelligence and the basic means of cognitive confrontation.The works of Sun Tzu and Michael I.Handel contain rich deception theories.It is helpful to form an intuitive understanding of the similarities and differences between Chinese and western deception theories and guide the practice of deception and anti-deception.[Research method]By the method of text comparative analysis,this paper conducts a comparative study of their deception theories from three aspects:the overall understanding of deception,the understanding of deception methods and the understanding of anti-deception,with the similarities and differences,advantages and disadvantages of their deception theories as the focuses.[Research conclusion]Sun Tzu's deception theory has both philosophical height and depth of touching the essential law of war,and is more operational and strategic in practice,but it ignores the risk and speculation of deception activities.Handel's deception theory is based on cognitive psychology,it broadens the perspective of deception research and has a mature understanding of the potential harm of deception,but is too pessimistic and idealistic in practice.The two theories complement each other.In today's study of deception theory,we should pay attention to the comparative study and integrated development of Chinese and western deception theories.
作者
陈书臻
魏长春
Chen Shuzhen;Wei Changchun(School of International Studies,National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing 210039)
出处
《情报杂志》
北大核心
2023年第6期25-31,共7页
Journal of Intelligence
基金
军队高层次科技创新人才工程自主项目“以关键人物为目标的情报谋略行动”(编号:军技战[2021]44号)研究成果。
关键词
情报
情报欺骗
欺骗理论
反欺骗
《孙子兵法》
迈克·I.汉德尔
intelligence
intelligence deception
deception theory
anti-deception
Sun Tzu's Art of War
Mike I.Handel
