摘要
《最高人民法院关于为自由贸易试验区建设提供司法保障意见》与《横琴自由贸易试验区临时仲裁规则》的施行有重要的现实意义,意味着临时仲裁制度开始在我国自贸试验区得到落实。当前我国临时仲裁制度面临以下困境:仲裁协议的“三个特定”构成要件规定不明确,适用主体范围具有局限性;临时仲裁裁决和机构裁决之间尚未形成一套完善的衔接体系,仲裁庭的自主权也容易受到司法的过度干预。这些困境背后的主要原因在于:其一,历史原因导致我国临时仲裁的观念落后,进而带来立法上的滞后;其二,由于未找到临时仲裁与机构仲裁相应的制度定位而引发相互竞争和排斥。为了突破困境,首先,通过渐进修法和释法确立临时仲裁在我国法律体系中的地位,确立其合法性基础;其次,完善临时仲裁制度的具体规则,主要应明确“三个特定”构成要件的具体要求,明确仲裁庭的法定权限,保障仲裁庭的自主性;最后,推动临时仲裁和机构仲裁的有机结合和错位发展,确保临时仲裁制度在施行中可以充分彰显其制度特色。
The enactment of Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Providing Judicial Guarantee for the Building of Pilot Free Trade Zones and Ad Hoc Arbitration Rules of Hengqin Free Trade Zone marks the landing of temporary arbitration system in China’s free trade zones.Various free trade zones have also begun to try out the temporary arbitration system.At present,China’s temporary arbitration system faces the following difficulties.The“three specifics”constitutive requirements of arbitration agreement are not clear,the scope of application subject has limitations.The provisions on the conversion procedure between interim arbitration and institutional arbitration still need to be improved,also lack of guarantees of arbitral tribunal autonomy.There are two main reasons behind these difficulties.Firstly,historical reasons lead to the backwardness of the concept of ad hoc arbitration in China,which leads to the lagging in legislation.Secondly,due to lack of corresponding institutional orientation,there are competition and exclusion between temporary arbitration and institutional arbitration.In order to break through the dilemma,it is necessary to establish the status of ad hoc arbitration in China’s legal system through gradual revision and interpretation of the law to establish its legitimacy basis.Second,to improve the specific rules of the temporary arbitration system,the specific requirements of elements should be clarified,and it is also necessary to clarify the statutory authority of the arbitral tribunal,guarantee the autonomy of the arbitral tribunal.Finally,we should promote the combination and dislocation development of temporary arbitration and institutional arbitration,and ensure that the ad hoc arbitration system can fully demonstrate its institutional characteristics in actual implementation.
出处
《国际商务研究》
北大核心
2023年第3期102-110,共9页
International Business Research
基金
陕西省教育厅人文社科专项项目“陕西自贸区法律问题研究”(项目编号:17JK0312)。
关键词
自贸试验区
临时仲裁
仲裁协议
“三个特定”
机构仲裁
free trade zone
temporary arbitration
arbitration agreement
“three specifics”
institutional arbitration
