摘要
海洋微塑料污染是全球性的环境问题,南极周边海域的微塑料污染问题是其中不可或缺的一环。目前关于南极微塑料的研究多集中于南极附近海水与企鹅粪便等,对南极海域鱼类体内微塑料研究较少。由于侧纹南极鱼是栖息于南极陆架海域数量最多的中上层鱼类,其在南极海洋生态系统中发挥着承上启下的作用,实验以南极南设得兰群岛周边海域侧纹南极鱼为对象,探究其体内微塑料污染情况对于养护该资源有着重要的意义。将南极带回的样品解冻并记录好生物学信息后,将其胃肠道部分取出。在60°C条件下,使用10%KOH在恒温摇床消解24 h以上,待溶液基本澄清后利用0.45μm的滤膜过滤。抽滤后置于体式显微镜下,挑出疑似微塑料,再使用傅里叶红外光谱仪定性检测,最后利用扫描电子显微镜拍摄微塑料的微观形貌。结果显示,南设得兰群岛附近水域侧纹南极鱼体内微塑料平均丰度为(0.36±0.51)个/尾。侧纹南极鱼胃肠含物中微塑料丰度与鱼类体长之间存在正相关。整体上,南设得兰群岛北侧侧纹南极鱼胃肠含物中微塑料出现的概率略高于布兰斯菲尔德海峡南侧,但整体上处于低污染水平。侧纹南极鱼体内微塑料类型分为纤维状和碎片状,以纤维状为主。微塑料颜色以蓝色为主,其次是黑色,红色与透明色数量较少。微塑料的平均粒径为(584.6±419.2)μm,其中84.6%的微塑料粒径小于1000μm。聚酯类微塑料占比接近80%,是侧纹南极鱼微塑料的主要成分,其中绝大多数为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。渔船渔网和船员生活污水排放可能是其存在的主要来源。通过电镜分析微塑料表面特征,发现碎片类微塑料断裂处较为粗糙,其比表面积显著增加;两种纤维类微塑料电镜照片说明了微塑料在生物体内的变化。由于较大的表面积会导致其易与其他污染物结合,携带有毒有害物质进入�
Microplastic pollution in the ocean is a global environmental problem,and the microplastic pollution in the waters around Antarctica is a crucial part of it.However,there are few studies on microplastics in the Antarctic,most of which focus on the seawater and penguin excrement near the Antarctic.Studies on microplastics in the Antarctic fish are few,especially in Pleuragramma antarcticum.P.antarcticum is the most abundant pelagic fish living in the Antarctic continental shelf waters and plays a role of linkage in the Antarctic Marine ecosystem,so it is necessary for conserving this resource to explore microplastic pollution in P.antarcticum in the waters around South Shetland Islands,Antarctica.After thawing the samples from Antarctica and recording biological information,the gastrointestinal tract was extracted.At 60°C,10%KOH was used for digestion in a constant temperature shaker for more than 24 hours.After the solution was basically clarified,a 0.45μm filter membrane was used for filtration.Suspected microplastics were picked out after filtration under a stereomicroscope,and then qualitatively detected by Fourier infrared spectrometer.Finally,the microplastic morphology was photographed by a Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).The results showed that the average abundance of microplastics in P.antarcticum was(0.36±0.51)item/individual in the waters near South Shetland Islands.There was a positive correlation between the abundance of microplastics in the gastrointestinal contents and the body length of the fish.In general,the occurrence of microplastics in P.antarcticum was slightly higher in the northern Southern Shetland Islands than in the southern Bransfield Strait,but the overall pollution levels were relatively low.The microplastics in the P.antarcticum could be divided into fibrous and fragmentary types,and most of them were fibrous.The color of microplastics was mainly blue,followed by black,and red and transparent colors were less common.The average particle size of microplastics was(584.6±419.2)μ
作者
高春梅
曹樟
严晨冰
朱国平
GAO Chunmei;CAO Zhang;YAN Chenbing;ZHU Guoping(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Center for Polar Research,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Center for Marine Environmental Monitoring and Evaluation,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Polar Marine Ecosystem Group,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)
出处
《水产学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期108-116,共9页
Journal of Fisheries of China
基金
国家自然科学基金(41776185)
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1406801)。
关键词
侧纹南极鱼
微塑料
南极
南设得兰群岛
Pleuragramma antarcticum
micro-plastics
Antarctic
South Shetlands Islands
