摘要
全断面岩石掘进机(TBM)在硬岩、极硬岩隧道掘进过程中存在岩爆灾害、滚刀磨损、低掘进速率等典型掘进破岩难题,严重影响隧道的安全高效施工。因此,查明产生这些典型难题的原因并提出相应的对策至关重要。本文首先从岩石硬度、单轴抗压强度、岩石脆性及耐磨性等角度分析了隧道硬岩的相关特征,并阐明了其对各典型掘进破岩难题的影响规律。随后结合国内外隧道施工案例提出了相应的对策:岩爆灾害可采用岩爆监测和岩爆防控相结合的方法进行预防和治理;滚刀磨损通过优化滚刀参数、改良刀圈材料、涂覆刀圈涂层以延长其使用寿命;掘进速率低的难题可通过优化滚刀布置设计、增加刀盘推力及扭矩、增设辅助破岩手段等措施改良。最后,从TBM与隧道围岩的相互作用机理、TBM隧道施工信息化建设、TBM掘进智能控制和优化决策等方面对未来硬岩隧道的掘进提出了几点展望。
The geological environment of hard rock and extremely hard rock in the tunnel causes typical rock-breaking problems such as rock burst disaster,cutter wear,and low advance rate during the excavation process of TBM,which will have an adverse impact on the safe and efficient construction of the tunnel.Therefore,it is very important to understand the cuase of these typical problems and propose corresponding countermeasures.This paper firstly analyzes the relevant characteristics of tunnel hard rock from the perspectives of rock hardness,uniaxial compressive strength,rock brittleness,and wear resistance,and classifies its influence on these typical rock-breaking problems.Then,combined with domestic and foreign tunnel construction cases,corresponding countermeasures are put forward:rock burst disasters can be prevented and treated by a combination of rock burst monitoring and rock burst prevention control;cutter can prolong its service life by optimizing the cutter parameters,improving the material of the cutter ring,and applying the coating of the cutter ring;the tunneling advance rate can be improved by optimizing the layout design of the cutter,increasing the thrust and torque of the cutter head,and adding auxiliary rock breaking methods.Finally,some prospects for future hard rock tunnel excavation are put forward from the aspects of the interaction mechanism between TBM and tunnel surrounding rock,the construction of TBM tunnel construction informatization,and the intelligent control and optimization decision-making of TBM excavation.
作者
周子龙
董晋鹏
王少锋
蔡鑫
周凯
ZHOU Zi-long;DONG Jin-peng;WANG Shao-feng;CAI Xin;ZHOU Kai(School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Exploitation and Hazard Control for Deep Metal Mines,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;China Railway South Investment Group Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,China)
出处
《中国有色金属学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1297-1317,共21页
The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC2903901)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52274249,52104111)
湖南省自然科学基金资助(2021JJ30819)。
