摘要
财产权发达史表明,财产权客体的扩充是由生产力发展、生产生活资源形态的扩张所决定的,财产权的效力与保护方法是由财产权客体的性质所决定的。随着信息时代的到来和数字经济的兴起,我国在国家政策层面、立法层面和司法层面均存在数据确权的需求。在理论上,应当将数据财产权确立为与物权、知识产权相并列的第三类具有对世性的财产权利,而不应采取非确权保护模式、个人信息权保护模式或者将数据财产权确立为既有财产权的用益权新形式。构筑数据财产权制度是保护数据处理者合法劳动成果的必要举措,中央关于数据资源分类和数据权利分置的意见为数据确权指明了方向,劳动价值论的原理为数据确权奠定了理论基础,而“人财两分”理论则为解决确权的难点问题提供了制度安排思路。数据财产权作为民事主体基于数据享有的权利,具有财产性、对世性、有限支配和有限排他的基本属性。权利人享有包括利用、收益、占有和处分在内的各项权能。
The developmental history of property rights has shown that the expansion of the object of property rights is determined by the development of productivity and the morphological expansion of production and living resources,with the effectiveness and protection methods of property rights being determined by the nature of their object.With the advent of the information age and the rise of the digital economy,China needs to establish various forms of data rights at the level of national policy,legislation and the judicature.Theoretically,data property rights should be established as a third type of property right with the nature of jura in rem,with the other two types being property rights and intellectual property rights.Data property rights should not adopt the protection models for non-established rights or personal information rights.Moreover,they should not be seen as a new form of the usufruct right of existing property rights.Setting up a system of data property rights is an essential measure to protect the fruits of data processors’legitimate labors.The central government's view of data resources classification and data rights separation serves as guidance for data rights establishment;the principles of labor value theory have laid the theoretical foundation;and the theory of“separation of personal and property rights”provides the institutional arrangements for solving the difficult problems of data rights.As data-based rights enjoyed by civil subjects,data property rights have the basic attributes of property,jura in rem,limited disposition and limited exclusivity.The rights holder enjoys various rights including utilization,benefit,possession,and disposal.
出处
《中国社会科学》
北大核心
2023年第4期144-163,207,共21页
Social Sciences in China
