摘要
美国国家安全法律已经建构起内容繁多、体系复杂的外国威胁防控机制,涵盖了政治安全,国防、情报与数据安全,经济和技术安全等重要领域。美国国家安全法律对外国威胁的防控呈现出应势而变、外严内宽的基本特征。这一特征背后的核心影响因素在于美国对本国利益优先的坚持和对公民宪法权利的重视。为了更好地应对美国国家安全法律体系,维护我国主权、安全、发展利益,我国应当及时完善应对思路:在事前预防阶段,要立足美国国家安全战略预判其国家安全立法、执法走向,加强我国各类主体在国家安全领域的法律风险防控,并完善涉外法治人才的培养体制;在事后救济阶段,要善于运用美国国内分权制衡的宪法机制,善于运用美国宪法法律中关于个人权利的规定,并将法律手段和其他手段相结合。
The national security laws of the United States has formed a complex foreign threats prevention and control mechanism covering multiple sensitive fields,including political security,national defense,intelligence and data security,economic and technology security,etc.To prevent and control foreign threats,the national security laws of the United States demonstrate a basic characteristic of"adapting to the actual situation by applying loose policies domestically and strict policies abroad".The main reason behind such a characteristic is the country's stance of putting the interests of the United States and the constitutional rights of American citizens first.Under the pressure of the US national security law,and for reaching the goal of safeguarding the sovereignty,security,and development interests of China,the Chinese government needs to improve its reactions in time in the following aspects.At the prevention stage,measures should be taken to predict the direction of the national security legislation and law enforcement of the United States,to enhance various Chinese entities'ability to prevent and control legal risk in the national security sector,and to train more law specialists on international law and foreign laws.At the remedy stage,the American constitutional separation of powers,checks and balances,and the rules on personal rights in the US Constitution should be made full use of.In addition,legal means should also be implemented together with other means.
出处
《中外法学》
北大核心
2023年第2期541-559,共19页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
中国法学会2022年部级法学研究课题“美国国家安全法律对外国威胁的防控机制及中国应对研究”[项目编号:CLS(2022)D30]
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“粤港澳大湾区法律建设研究”(项目编号:20JZD019)的阶段性成果。
关键词
国家安全
国家利益
美国
涉外法治
National Security
National Interest
United States
Foreign-related Rule of Law
