摘要
在法律上,司法解释被定性为效力低于法律的规范性文件,但其与法律以下各类型立法之间的效力位阶未得到明确,这既无法避免其与法律以下各类型立法之间的冲突,也没有为它们之间发生冲突时如何适用提供指引。最高人民法院将司法解释定性为作为补充性裁判依据的规范性法律文件;而在司法裁判中,当事人和法院关于司法解释性质和效力位阶的认知呈现明显的多元化。学者们在理论上对于司法解释性质与效力位阶的认识立场迥异,迄今并未得出逻辑融贯、符合实际的结论。司法解释在实质意义上就是制定法。综合考量其特殊性以及若干历史、现实等方面因素,司法解释的效力位阶应分情况而论:刑事司法解释的效力仅低于法律。其他司法解释与行政法规具有同等效力,二者规定不一致时,由全国人大常委会裁决。经济特区法规作出的变通规定优先于其他司法解释适用。经济特区法规与其他司法解释规定不一致且不能确定经济特区法规的规定是否构成对法律的变通规定时,由全国人大常委会裁决。
Judicial interpretation is considered as normative documents with lower validity than the statutes.However,the validity hierarchy between judicial interpretation and the various types of rules under statutes has not been clarified,which can neither avoid the conflict between judicial interpretation and the various types of rules under statutes,nor provide guidance on how to apply in case of the conflict between them.The Supreme People's Court defines judicial interpretation as normative legal documents as supplementary judgment bases.In judicial adjudication,the positions of the parties and the courts about the nature and validity hierarchy of judicial interpretation are obviously diverse.In theory scholars have different viewpoints on the nature and validity hierarchy of judicial interpretation and have not reached a logically coherent and realistic conclusion so far.Judicial interpretation is statute in essence.Considering its particularity and several other historical and realistic factors,the validity hierarchy of ju"dicial interpretation should be divided into different situations:the validity of criminal judicial interpretation is only lower than the national law.Other judicial interpretations and administrative regulations have the same validity.If the two provisions are inconsistent,the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall make a decision.The adaptive provisions made by regulations of special economic zones shall prevail over other judicial interpretations.If there is any discrepancy between regulations of special economic zones and provisions of other judicial interprctations and it is uncertain whether the provisions of the regulations of special economic zones are implementing provisions to the statutes,the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall make a decision.
出处
《中外法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期425-444,共20页
Peking University Law Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“法典化时代司法解释制度完善研究”(项目编号:22BFX152)的阶段性成果。
关键词
司法解释
效力位阶
裁判依据
制定法
Judicial Interpretation
Validity Hierarchy
Judgment Basis
Statute
