摘要
与传统溶剂型聚氨酯相比,水性聚氨酯(WPU)大大减少了有机溶剂的使用,可有效降低环境污染,正越来越受到人们的关注。然而,WPU中亲水基团的引入会影响其力学性能,限制了WPU产品的使用范围。本文对WPU组成结构和力学性能之间的关系进行了阐述,并对WPU染色方面的研究现状做了介绍和总结,以期为水性聚氨酯超纤革的开发提供借鉴和参考。
With the shortage of natural leather resources and the continuous development of synthetic leather products,synthetic leather products have a wider application prospect on home furnishing,automotive decoration and other aspects.Microfiber synthetic leather is the most closely imitated product to natural leather.Although its physical and chemical properties are comparable to those of natural leather,its moisture permeability and dyeing properties are still far behind those of natural leather.Solvent-based polyurethane synthetic leather has been gradually replaced by environmental-friendly waterborne polyurethane due to the use of a lot of organic solvents in the production process.Polyurethane is a kind of block copolymer with alternating hard and soft segments.The hard segments are mainly composed of isocyanates and small molecular chain extenders,which are easy to form hydrogen bonds,so that the polymer has fair rigidity and shows good tensile strength and elastic recovery force.The soft segments are mainly composed of polyester type or polyether type polyols,which are easily to form amorphous region,so that the polymer shows excellent flexibility.Compared with solvent-based polyurethane,hydrophilic monomers with carboxylic acid groups or sulfonic acid groups are introduced into the molecular structure during the polymerization of water-based polyurethane,which can make the product self-emulsified in water and effectively reduce the use of organic solvents.However,due to the introduction of hydrophilic monomer into the polymer chains,the mechanical properties and dyeing properties of waterborne polyurethane are significantly different from those of solvent-based polyurethane.In the structure of waterborne polyurethane,the composition of soft and hard segments and the type and content of hydrophilic monomers would affect the degree of microphase separation,which have certain influence on its mechanical properties such as elongation at break and tensile strength.The dyeing properties and application properties can
作者
韩雨兰
宋兵
李春霖
杜远远
牛家嵘
HAN Yulan;SONG Bing;LI Chunlin;DU Yuanyuan;NIU Jiarong(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;Mingxin Menorca(Jiangsu)New Materials Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xuzhou 221400,China)
出处
《现代纺织技术》
北大核心
2023年第3期225-236,共12页
Advanced Textile Technology
基金
技术开发类横向合作项目(21-02-101-0375)。
关键词
水性聚氨酯
亲水基团
组成结构
力学性能
超细纤维合成革
染色
waterborne polyurethane
hydrophilic group
composition and structure
mechanical property
the microfiber synthetic leather
dyeing
