摘要
为改善因三元复合肥大量施用产生的土壤酸化、肥力下降,分别于2021和2022年,通过生物有机肥替代三元复合肥应用于大棚春番茄栽培的田间试验,检测土壤的pH值、有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾等营养元素含量及土壤容重,调查分析番茄的生育期、叶片的叶绿素SPAD值等物候指标,测定番茄植株的干物质重量、番茄产量,检测番茄果实的维生素C、蛋白质、可溶性糖等品质指标含量。结果表明:生物有机肥能增加土壤中有机质含量,改善土壤结构,提高土壤综合肥力,增加番茄果实中的维生素C、蛋白质、可溶性糖及总酸含量,提升番茄品质,但对于番茄的生长物候期指标影响较小。通过4个不同梯度的肥料施用量试验表明,按常规用肥量6000 kg/hm^(2)以生物有机肥替代50%三元复合肥,即15000 kg/hm^(2)生物有机肥配施3000 kg/hm^(2)三元复合肥处理在植株长势、番茄产量方面表现突出,在番茄品质、土壤营养元素改善方面表现居中。
In order to improve the phenomenon of soil acidification and the decline of fertility caused by the large-scale application of ternary compound fertilizer,two year field experiments in 2021 and 2022 were conducted to replace ternary compound fertilizer with biological organic fertilizer for the cultivation of spring tomato in plastic greenhouse.The pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and soil bulk density were detected.The phenological indexes such as growth period period and leaf chlorophyll SPAD value of tomato were investigated and analyzed.The dry matter weight,tomato yield,the content of vitamin C,protein,soluble sugar and other quality indicators of tomato fruits were measured.The results showed that bio-organic fertilizer could increase the content of organic matter in soil,improve the soil structure,improve the comprehensive fertility of soil,increase the content of vitamin C,protein,soluble sugar and total acid in tomato fruit,and improve the quality of tomato,but had little effect on the growth phenological index of tomato.Four different gradient fertilizer application experiments showed that plant growth and tomato yield were the best,and the improvement of tomato quality and soil nutrient elements was better under the treatment with bio-organic fertilizer instead of 50%ternary compound fertilizer(15000 kg/hm^(2)bio-organic fertilizer combined with 3000 kg/hm^(2)ternary compound fertilizer)according to 6000 kg/hm^(2)of conventional fertilizer.
作者
刘为胜
伍琦
时娟娟
曾小林
曹瑞群
江洪
吴振江
彭新红
LIU Wei-sheng;WU Qi;SHI Juan-juan;ZENG Xiao-lin;CAO Rui-qun;JIANG Hong;WU Zhen-jiang;PENG Xin-hong(Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute,Jiujiang 332105,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hukou County,Hukou 332500,China)
出处
《江西农业学报》
CAS
2023年第3期37-45,共9页
Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi
基金
江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JXARS-06-赣北片)
江西省“三区”人才支持计划科技专项(Z145050030001)。
关键词
生物有机肥
复合肥
番茄
替代
Bio-organic fertilizer
Compound fertilizer
Tomato
Replacement
