摘要
音位負擔量,即音位結構功能負擔量,是音系計量中的一項指標,可通過計算音位(或音類)的對立情況,量化音位在音系中的價值。本文以《漢字古音表稿》爲對象,介紹音位負擔量的計算方法,並計算出上古漢語聲調的總負擔量爲3525.0,占23.9%;韻母的總負擔量爲5760.2,占39.1%;聲母的總負擔量爲5437.9,占36.9%。聲韻調的負擔比例合理,符合漢語音系的特徵,驗證《表稿》音系和歸字的合理性。上古漢語音系,從音節載荷(同音字)、音位負擔量、音系羨餘率等方面,與單音節語言的情況相合;從上古音到中古音,雖然出現了一些調整,但没有較大的語音簡化,音位負擔量的變化也不顯著。由此推斷,漢語音系簡化恐非漢語詞彙複音化的誘因,更有可能是其結果。
Phoneme Load,also known as phoneme structural functional load,is an index in phonological calculation,which can be used to quantify the value of phonemes in phonology by calculating the oppositions of phonemes.Based on the Hànzì Gǔyīnbiǎo Gǎo(《漢字古音表稿》),this paper introduces the calculating method of Phoneme Load,and calculates that in Old Chinese the total Phoneme Load of initials is 3525.0,accounting for 23.9%;of finals is 5760.2,accounting for 39.1%;and of tones is 5437.9,accounting for 36.9%.The proportion of initials,finals and tones is reasonable,is conforms to the characteristics of Chinese phonologies,and verifies the rationality of Biǎo Gǎo.In the phonology of Old Chinese,the homophones,the Phoneme Load,the redundancy rate,all suits the monosyllabic language.From Old Chinese to Medieval Chinese,although there happens little adjustment,there do not happen drastic change of sound,and the variation of Phoneme Load is not significant.From this,it can be inferred that the phonological simplification is not the inducement of Chinese lexicon polysyllablization,but the result of it.
出处
《文献语言学》
2023年第1期56-76,226,227,共23页
基金
教育部人文社會科學重點研究基地重大項目“基於上古漢語語義知識庫的歷史語法與詞彙研究”(18JJD740002)階段性成果。
关键词
《漢字古音表稿》
音位負擔量
詞彙複音化
HànzìGǔyīnbiǎo Gǎo(《漢字古音表稿》)
Phoneme Load
Chinese lexicon polysyllablization
