摘要
对于《资本论》中社会必要劳动时间的两种含义,必须结合商品交换的演化历史考察。第一种含义是基于物物交换之简单商品经济的历史,在完全竞争之假设前提下进行抽象分析所得之结论。第二种含义是基于货币经济之资本主义社会化大生产的历史,在供求不等成为常态下进行抽象分析所得之结论。短期供求不等会影响商品的价格、价值量,长期则在完全竞争作用下供求趋于均衡。在结构失衡总量不变,土地具有长期垄断条件下,单位土地商品的价值量小于劣等地的社会必要劳动时间但大于优等地的社会必要劳动时间,其他商品的社会价值量则小于实际付出的社会必要劳动时间。垄断对单位商品价值量偏离实际社会必要劳动时间具有永久性影响,而货币需求的变化则没有影响。
The discussion of the two meanings of socially necessary labor time in Das Kapital must be combined with the evolution history of commodity exchange.The first meaning is based on the simple commodity economy of barter exchange and the assumption of complete competition.The second meaning is concluded from the history of capitalism socialized mass production in the monetary economy,and on the condition that the supply and demand inequality became an ordinary state.short-term inequality in supply and demand will affect the price and value of commodities while long-term supply and demand inequality tends to balance them under the effect of complete competition.Under the condition that the land structure becomes imbalanced,the total land quantity keeps unchanged,and the land is monopolized in long-term,the value of land commodities per unit is less than the socially necessary labor time in inferior land but greater than the socially necessary labor time in superior land,while the social value of other commodities is less than the social necessary labor time actually paid.Monopoly has a permanent effect on the deviation of unit commodity value from the actual necessary labor time while there is no influence on the change of money demand.
作者
潘孝军
李志俊
王静峰
PAN Xiaojun;LI Zhijun;WANG Jingfeng(School of Economics and Management,Qujing Normal University,Qujing Yunnan 655011;School of Economics and Management,Xidian University,Xi an Shanxi 710126,China)
出处
《曲靖师范学院学报》
2023年第2期59-68,共10页
Journal of Qujing Normal University
基金
国家社会科学基金西部项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学对传统经济思想的传承研究”(20XJL002)
曲靖师范学院校级重点课程“微观经济学”(ZDKC2016013)。
关键词
政治经济学
社会必要劳动时间
供求
竞争
演化
political economy
socially necessary labor time
supply and demand
competition
evolution
