摘要
为了降低奶牛养殖粪污资源化利用成本,探索牛粪垫料使用的可行性,试验选取40头产奶量相近的健康中国荷斯坦奶牛为试验对象,牛舍铺设稻壳垫料和试验牛场自制的牛粪垫料,试验期间监测牛舍中温湿度、氨气和牛床表面二氧化碳环境指标及泌乳牛趴卧时间和卧立次数,并检测牛粪垫料在使用过程中金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、大肠杆菌和克雷伯氏菌致病菌含量变化和对泌乳牛后躯清洁度的影响,并计算使用牛粪垫料的经济效益。结果表明:牛粪垫料在使用过程中不会对牛舍环境质量造成影响,不同时间节点氨气和牛床表面二氧化碳浓度随时间推移呈上升趋势,均差异显著(P<0.05),最高分别为6.11 mg/m^(3)和791.35 mg/m^(3),均在安全范围内。试验泌乳牛于08:00—15:00和16:00—23:00在牛粪垫料上的趴卧时间分别为4.3,3.9 h,较在稻壳垫料(3.6,3.3 h)上分别长0.7,0.6 h,且均差异显著(P<0.05);试验泌乳牛每天在牛粪垫料上的卧立次数为15次,略高于稻壳垫料的13次。在新铺设的和使用后的牛粪垫料中均未检出金黄色葡萄球菌,但使用后的牛粪垫料中链球菌、大肠杆菌、克雷伯氏菌含量较新铺设的牛粪垫料均有所增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。对试验牛进行后躯清洁度评定,发现轻度污染泌乳牛占比最高,为62.5%;重度污染泌乳牛占比最低,仅为7.5%。使用牛粪垫料较稻壳垫料可为试验养殖场节约成本42万~62万元/年。说明该工艺生产的牛粪垫料可以提高泌乳牛的舒适度,不会造成泌乳牛后躯清洁度下降和致病菌的大量繁殖,在东北地区的夏季可替代稻壳垫料作为牛床垫料,具有一定的推广应用前景。
In order to reduce the resource utilization cost of dairy farming manure and explore the feasibility of using cow manure bedding material,40 healthy Chinese Holstein cows with similar milk yield were selected as the test subjects,and the barn was covered with rice husk bedding and cow manure bedding made by the test farm.During the experiment,the environmental indicators of temperature and humidity,ammonia and carbon dioxide of surface cattle bed in the barn,the lying time and the number of lying and standing times of lactating cows were monitored,and the changes in the levels of Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pathogenic bacteria and the cleanliness of the hindquarters of lactating cows were examined during the use of the cow manure bedding,and the economic benefits of cow manure bedding material were calculated.The results showed that the cow manure bedding did not affect the environmental quality of the barn during use,and the concentrations of NH3 and CO2 at different time points showed an increasing trend with the passage of time(P<0.05).The highest concentrations were 6.11 mg/m^(3)and 791.35 mg/m^(3),respectively,which were within the safe range.The lying time of test lactating cows on dung bedding from 08:00—15:00 and 16:00—23:00 was 4.3 and 3.9 h,respectively,which increased by 0.7 and 0.6 h compared with that on rice husk bedding(3.6,3.3 h,P<0.05),respectively.The number of lying and standing times per day for test lactating cows on dung bedding was 15 times,which was slightly higher than that on rice husk bedding(13 times).Staphylococcus aureus was not detected in both newly laid and used cow manure bedding,but the content of Streptococcus,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella in the used cow manure bedding were higher than those in the newly laid bedding(P>0.05).After assessing the cleanliness of the hindguarters of the test cattle,it was found that the proportion of lactating cows with mild pollution was the highest(62.5%),while the proportion of lactating cows with s
作者
王振
张淑芬
丁昕颖
付龙
马珊珊
李晴晴
李伟
白长胜
王洪宝
WANG Zhen;ZHANG Shufen;DING Xinying;FU Long;MA Shanshan;LI Qingqing;LI Wei;BAI Changsheng;WANG Hongbao(Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihar 161000,China)
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第8期55-59,共5页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项(HNK2019CX15)。
关键词
奶牛场
牛粪垫料
环境质量
致病菌
清洁度
安全性
可行性
dairy farms
cow dung bedding
environmental quality
pathogenic bacteria
cleanliness
safety
feasibility
