摘要
从技能标准、制度化管理、劳动关系契约、行为规范及培训等职业化标准来看,中国陆地边境护边员半职业化趋势明显。它具体表现在定期发放补贴、规范的职业化流程、严格的管理制度、每月定期执勤、日常农牧商生计与巡边相结合等方面。半职业化的原因有:边民利用职业便利做好日常戍边工作是其历史背景;工作性质属于辅协边防军人和移民警察工作是其前提条件;通过职业化措施有效遏制边境村庄牧场空巢化是其直接动因。为了更好地发挥护边员在强边固防与连通周边国家的作用,我们需要因地制宜改善边境基础设施、统一护边员名称、执勤与补贴精准体现“半职业化”标准、职业管理细致化、职业培训精准化,并鼓励护边员“薪火相传”,从而充分发挥护边员在边境管控与畅通的优势。
From the perspective of professional standards such as the skill standard,institutionalized management,contracts of labor relations,the behavioral code and training,China s land frontier guards have experienced an obvious trend of semi-professionalization.It is manifested in the aspects of the regular subsidy payment,the standardized professionalization process,the strict management system,the regular monthly patrol,and the combination of daily livelihoods of agriculture,animal husbandry and commerce with the frontier patrol.The reasons and causes of semi-professionalization are as follows:the historical background is that these land frontier guards can take advantage of their vocational convenience in their daily life to do their frontier guard activities satisfactorily;the prerequisite is that the nature of their work is a supplement to the work of the frontier army and the police engaging in immigration work;the direct motivation is related to the effective prevention of the empty-nest family in frontier villages and pastures through measures of professionalization.Therefore,to bring into full play the role of the frontier guards in strengthening the frontier defense and connecting the neighboring countries,it is necessary to improve the frontier infrastructures according to the local conditions,unify the terms for frontier guards,accurately reflect the characteristics of“semi-professionalization”in their duties and subsidies,provide the targeted professional management and vocational training.It is also necessary to encourage the frontier guards to inherit their fine tradition from generation to generation,and bring into full play the advantages of the frontier guards in the efficient border control and smooth border management.
作者
徐黎丽
许浩东
XU Lili;XU Haodong(Base for Enhancing the Consciousness of the Community of the Chinese Nation/Research Center for Frontier Security of China,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;Base for Enhancing the Consciousness of the Community of the Chinese Nation/Research Center for Ethnic Minorities in Northwest China,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)
出处
《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2023年第3期111-119,共9页
Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金专项“中国陆地边境口岸中华文化建设与传播研究”(22VMZ012)阶段成果。
关键词
中国陆地边境
护边员
职业化
半职业化
China s land frontier
frontier guards
professionalization
semi-professionalization
