摘要
利用同期近地面臭氧、NO_(2)及气象数据,对比研究了黄土高原及周边不同背景环境城市(包括鄂尔多斯、榆林、银川、延安、西安、咸阳)臭氧浓度变化特征以及NO_(2)、气象要素对其的影响,发现2016—2020年各城市臭氧浓度年际变化均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,5 a平均浓度从高到低排序为咸阳>西安>榆林>银川>鄂尔多斯>延安;各城市2017年(鄂尔多斯2018年)臭氧浓度最高、超标倍数最大,超标污染日数也最多;西安、咸阳2016—2019年出现超标,榆林、银川2017年、2018年超标,鄂尔多斯2018年超标,延安未出现超标.臭氧浓度月变化、日变化呈“单峰”结构,延安月均峰值出现在5月或6月,其他城市出现在6月或者7月,各城市于12月出现波谷;高纬度地区比低纬度地区早1个月出现臭氧超标;臭氧浓度日最高值出现在15:00—16:00,最低值出现07:00—08:00,夏季日最高值、最低值出现的时间要比冬季早;日变化幅度夏季最大,冬季最小.NO_(2)日平均浓度及最大值从高到低排序:西安>咸阳>延安>榆林>银川>鄂尔多斯;鄂尔多斯NO_(2)浓度日变化呈现双峰分布,其它城市不明显;各城市臭氧和NO_(2)浓度呈相反的日变化特征;受背景臭氧浓度较高影响,鄂尔多斯臭氧日平均浓度始终比NO_(2)日平均浓度高,且高于其他城市臭氧日平均浓度.臭氧与气压、湿度负相关,与气温、最高气温、日照、能见度、风速正相关,与降水负相关或相关不显著,气温和最高气温对臭氧浓度影响最大,其次是气压,然后是日照和能见度,而湿度、风速影响最小.臭氧超标频次最多风向,西安出现在ENE风向,咸阳出现在E风向或ENE风向,延安出现在NE风向,榆林出现在SE风向,鄂尔多斯出现在SSE风向或SSW风向,银川出现在N风向或NNE风向.
Using the observed surface ozone,NO_(2) and meteorological data in the same period,the ozone characteristics of various typical cities with different backgrounds(Ordos,Yulin,Yinchuan,Yan’an,Xi’an and Xianyang)over and surrounding Loess Plateau were revealed,and the influence of NO_(2) and meteorological elements on ozone were discussed.From 2016 to 2020,the trend of annual averaged ozone concentration increased in the first 2 years and then decreased in the following 3 years in each city.From high to low,the 5 a averaged ozone concentration was in the order of Xianyang,Xi’an,Yulin,Yinchuan,Ordos,Yan’an.Except of Ordos in 2018,the highest ozone concentration occurred in 2017 in the other cities,with the maximum number of days that exceeded the air quality standard(AQS)and the highest ratio of exceeding AQS.In annual average,Xi’an and Xianyang and daily variation of ozone concentration showed a unimodal distribution.The peak of ozone concentration appeared in June or July in Yinchuan,Yulin,Ordos,Xianyang and Xi’an,while it appeared in May or June in Yan’an.The monthly minimum of ozone concentration appeared in December.Also,the time of ozone exceeding the AQS appeared one month earlier in the high latitude area than that in the low latitude.The diurnal maximum of ozone concentration appeared during 15:00—16:00,and the minimum appeared during 07:00—08:00.The time of the diurnal maximum and minimum of ozone concentration appeared earlier in summer than in winter,and the diurnal variation range was the largest in summer and the smallest in winter.From high to low,the order of daily average and maximum concentration of NO_(2) was Xi’an,Xianyang,Yan’an,Yulin,Yinchuan and Ordos.The diurnal variation of NO_(2) concentration in Ordos showed a bimodal distribution,while they were not obvious in other cities.In all cities,the diurnal variation of ozone concentration was opposite to that of NO_(2).Influenced by the higher background ozone concentration,the daily average concentration of ozone in Ordos wa
作者
高美美
朱彬
施双双
蒋伊蓉
方堃
赵红兰
万慧
刘慧敏
GAO Meimei;ZHU Bin;SHI Shuangshuang;JIANG Yirong;FANG Kun;ZHAO Honglan;WAN Hui;LIU Huimin(Yulin Meteorological Bureau,Yulin Key Laboratory of Energy,Chemical and Meteorological Services,Yulin 719000;Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Meteorology,Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau,Shaanxi Meteorological Bureau,Xi'an 710016;Collaborative Innovation Center for Meteorological Disaster Prediction,Early Warning and Evaluation,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Key Open Laboratory of Aerosol and Cloud Precipitation,China Meteorological Administration,Nanjing 210044;School of Atmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044)
出处
《环境科学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1-13,共13页
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
基金
榆林市能源化工气象服务重点实验室2021年生态与农业气象项目(No.2021Y-9)
陕西省气象局秦岭与黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室2020年面上项目(No.2020G-3)。
