摘要
海洋经济生物体内重金属含量直接影响到人类健康。根据2020年12月对万宁海域12个调查站、10种生物(鱼类7种、软体类1种、甲壳类2种)体内的7种重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As、Hg)含量监测结果,分析了重金属的含量特征,并分别利用单因子污染指数法和重金属富集系数对重金属污染水平和它在生物体内的富集情况进行了评价。结果表明:(1)各类生物体内重金属含量的高低顺序不一致,但三类生物体内锌和铜的含量均相对较高。生物对必需元素锌和铜的富集明显高于对非必需元素铅、镉和总汞的,主动吸收能力明显。(2)不同类生物同种重金属的含量存在一定差异,甲壳类的高于鱼类和软体类的。万宁海域鱼类和软体类生物重金属单因子污染指数均小于1,部分甲壳类生物的铬单因子污染指数大于1,超标率为41.7%。铬是万宁海域海洋生物的主要污染因子,影响其含量的原因可能是周围的围填海工程,以及所研究物种的生理特性。(3)万宁海域甲壳类生物体内总汞已呈轻污染状态,铬呈重污染状态。(4)甲壳类生物对重金属的富集能力强于鱼类和软体类的,各类生物对Cu的富集能力最高,对As的富集能力最低,且对重金属Cu、Cd和Zn有潜在的严重积累,在发展养殖产业中需引起注意。
The contents of heavy metals in the marine commercial organisms affect the human health.The samples were collected from twelve surveying stations in Wanning ocean area in December 2020.The contents of heavy metals including Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,As and Hg were measured in 10 marine species from three categories,including fish,molluscs and crustaceans,for analyzing the characteristics of heavy metals,estimating the heavy metal pollution level with single factor pollution index,and estimating the accumulation of heavy metals in organisms with enrichment factor of heavy metals.The results showed that:(1)Differences of contents of heavy metal were observed in various organisms,but the contents of Zn and Cu in the three categories were relatively high.The contents of essential elements Zn and Cu were significantly higher than those of non-essential elements Pb,Cd and Hg,and the active absorption ability was obvious.(2)Differences of the same heavy metal were observed in different species,and contents in crustaceans were higher than those in fish and molluscs.The single factor pollution indexes of heavy metals in fish and molluscs were below 1,while those in some crustaceans were more than 1,with an exceeding standard rate of 41.7%,indicating that the marine commercial organisms in Wanning sea area had been polluted by Cr.The reasons which affected the contents of Cr were the surrounding reclamation project and the physiological characteristics of the studied species.(3)Hg was lightly polluted and Cr was heavily polluted in crustaceans in Wanning ocean area.(4)Crustaceans showed stronger ability to accumulate heavy metals than fish and molluscs,all the three categories had the strongest ability to accumulate As and the lowest ability to accumulate Cu.Heavy metals of Cu,Cd and Zn had shown seriously potential accumulating in marine organisms in Wanning ocean area,which should be paid attention to in the development of aquaculture industry.
作者
徐阁
王德鸿
韩留玉
袁超
XU Ge;WANG Dehong;HAN Liuyu;YUAN Chao(Haikou Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Station,SOA,Haikou 570311,China)
出处
《生态科学》
CSCD
2023年第3期106-113,共8页
Ecological Science
基金
国家海洋局南海分局海洋科学技术局长基金资助项目(1542)
基于典型海洋生态系统保护修复的疏浚泥生态化利用研究——以万宁小海为例(MESTA-2021-D005)。
关键词
万宁
海洋生物
重金属
污染指数
富集
Wanning
marine organism
heavy metals
index of pollutants
accumulation
