摘要
墨脱花椒是产于西藏墨脱县的特色香料植物,具有较高的经济价值和开发潜力,但缺乏种苗是制约其产业化发展的主要因素,故解决墨脱花椒的人工繁育问题十分重要。播种育苗作为一种常见的种苗繁育方法,具有繁殖系数高、操作方便、便于运输保存等优势,更利于生产实践上的应用。墨脱花椒种子具有休眠特性,自然条件下萌发困难。因此,探究墨脱花椒种子的休眠特性、萌发限制因素和解除种子休眠的方法,为墨脱花椒种苗生产提供科学依据十分必要。以墨脱花椒种子为试验材料,采用种子吸水性测定、内源萌发抑制物质的生物学鉴定、低温层积、化学药剂浸泡等方法,探究墨脱花椒种子休眠的原因、休眠类型以及解除休眠的方法。结果表明:(1)墨脱花椒种子种皮厚,外层为光滑的油脂层,种子空壳率达25.67%,种皮对种子吸水具有明显机械阻碍作用。(2)墨脱花椒完整种子和种皮的甲醇浸提液对白菜种子萌发均存在抑制作用,完整种子的甲醇浸提液的抑制程度高于种皮浸提液,说明种仁本身存在发芽抑制物质。(3)在适当温度条件下,浓硫酸+GA_(3)组合处理可有效打破墨脱花椒种子休眠。其中浓硫酸浸泡10 min+1500 mg/L GA_(3)浸种48 h+30℃恒温培养处理的发芽率最高(83.33%)。(4)在30℃恒温条件下种子发芽效果好于25℃恒温和15℃/25℃变温。因此,由种皮造成的吸水障碍和种子含有内源抑制物是引起墨脱花椒种子休眠的主要原因,其休眠类型属于复合休眠(PY+PD)。浓硫酸处理10 min+1500 mg/L GA_(3)浸种48 h+30℃恒温培养可有效解除种子休眠,提高墨脱花椒种子发芽率。
Zanthoxylum motuoense is a characteristic spice plant produced in Metok,Tibet,with high economic value and development potential,but the lack of seedlings is the main factor restricting its industrialization development.Therefore,it is very important to solve the problem of artificial breeding of Z.motuoense.As a common method to ex-pand seedlings,the seed planting method has the advantages of high propagation coefficient,convenient operation and convenient transportation and storage,which is more conducive to the application of production practice.The seeds of Z.motuoense has dormancy characteristics,and it is difficult to germinate under natural seeding condition.Therefore,it is imperative to explore the dormancy characteristics,germination limiting factors and methods to break seed dormancy of Z.motuoense seeds to provide scientific basis for the production of Z.motuoense seedlings.Using Z.motuoense seeds as materials,the reasons of dormancy,dormancy types and methods to break dormancy were studied by water absorption and germination inhibitors,low temperature stratification,chemical immersion.The seed coat was thick,the outer layer was smooth oil layer,and the seed empty shell rate was 25.67%.The seed coat had obvious mechanical hindrance to the water absorption of seeds.Both the methanol extract from the intact seeds and seed coat of Z.motuoense had inhibitory effect on the germination of Brassica pekinensis seeds,and the inhibition degree of the methanol extract from the intact seeds was higher than that of the seed coat,indicating that the embryo and endosperm had germination inhibitors.Under appropriate temperature conditions,the combination of concentrated sulfuric acid+GA_(3) could effectively break the dormancy of the seeds.Among them,the highest germination rate was 83.33%by soaking in concentrated sulfuric acid for 10 min+1500 mg/L GA_(3) soaking for 48 h+constant temperature culture at 30℃.Under the constant temperature of 30℃,the seed germination effect was better than that of 25℃and 15℃/25
作者
关文灵
张海立
荣辉
孟静
GUAN Wenling;ZHANG Haili;RONG Hui;MENG Jing(College of Landscape and Horticulture,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期730-736,共7页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
云南省科技计划项目(No.2018DH010)。
关键词
墨脱花椒
休眠解除
种子萌发
物理休眠
生理休眠
Zanthoxylum motuoense
dormancy breaking
seed germination
physical dormancy
physiological dormancy
