摘要
砭石的起源可以追溯到距今约1万年左右的细石器时代,砭石疗法最初见诸文字记载即是在马王堆汉墓古佚医书与《黄帝内经》。后来出现了专门论述砭术的《砭经》,全面概述了砭术要点。以此书为标志,砭石成为一种独立的治疗方式。传统砭石主要有刃形砭石、锥形砭石、针形砭石、圆柱形砭石、类圆形砭石等。研究者们为了满足人们对疾病多样化治疗方式的需要,和施术者操作便利的需求,在秉承古砭石疗法的基础上,结合现代科学技术与泗滨浮石的物理特性,根据按摩、温熨、罐疗等不同功用需求,开发了砭板、砭锥、砭镰、电热砭石仪和砭罐等多种新砭具。传统砭石疗法主要包括刮刺、热熨、按摩三种操作,现代研究者在传统砭石疗法操作基础上,归纳总结了感法、压法、滚法、擦法、刺法、划法、扣法、刮法、扭法、旋法、振法、拔法、温法、凉法、闻法、挝法等多种砭石疗法操作。砭石疗法治疗心脑血管疾病的作用机制有:抑制炎症反应;调节自主神经功能;改善微循环。砭石疗法可用于治疗中风后偏瘫、中风后失眠、中风后肩关节半脱位、后循环缺血等脑血管疾病,还可以用于治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、高血压、心肌梗死、心包积液、心律失常等心血管疾病。砭石疗法目前在临床已经逐步运用于多种疾病的治疗,但临床报道还是以运动系统疾病等为主,于近5年发表的文献仅6篇,其中试验性研究类文献仅5篇,还缺乏严格完善的科学分析,研究病种相对局限,对临床应用禁忌的研究有待加强。
The origin of cuneiform stone can be traced back to the Fine Stone Age,about 10000 years ago.The earliest written records of cuneiform stone therapy were in the ancient lost medical books from the Han Tomb in Mawangdui and the Huangdi's Internal Classic.Cuneiform Stones Classic especially discussed techniques of cuneiform stone therapy,comprehensively summarizing the key points of the techniques.Traditional cuneiform stones mainly include blade-shaped stones,cone-shaped stones,needle-shaped stones,cylindrical stones and quasicircular stones,etc.In order to meet the needs of diverse treatment methods for diseases and the convenience of operators,researchers have developed various new cuneiform tools such as cuneiform stone plates,stone cuneiform cones,cuneiform stone sickles,electric cuneiform stone instruments,and cuneiform stone jars based on the ancient cuneiform stone therapies,combined with modern science and technology and the physical characteristics of Sibin pumice,according to different functional requirements such as massage,warm ironing,and pot therapy,etc.Traditional cuneiform stone therapy mainly includes three kinds of operations:scraping needling,hot ironing,and massage.Modern researchers have summarized various cuneiform stone therapy operations based on traditional ones,including sensation,pressing,rolling,rubbing,needling,sliding,tapping,scraping,twisting,rotating,vibrating,pulling,warming,cooling,smelling,and knocking,etc.The mechanism of cuneiform stone therapy in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases includes:inhibiting inflammatory response;regulating autonomic nervous system function;and improving microcirculation.Cuneiform stone therapy can be used to treat cerebrovascular diseases such as hemiplegia after stroke,insomnia after stroke,shoulder subluxation after stroke,posterior circulation ischemia,and cardiovascular diseases such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease,hypertension,myocardial infarction,pericardial effusion,arrhythmia,etc.At present,cuneiform stone therapy
作者
纪靖康
焦华琛
李运伦
JI Jing-kang;JIAO Hua-chen;LJ Yun-lun(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan,Shandong,China,250014;Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan,Shandong,China,250014)
出处
《河南中医》
2023年第5期788-794,共7页
Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine
基金
济南市科技发展计划项目(201907044)
薛一涛山东省名老中医药专家传承工作室项目(201992)
山东省卫生健康委员会中西医结合防治常见病、多发病项目(2019-11)
高血压国家中医临床研究基地二期建设项目(20081126)
山东省中医心脑血管疾病临床医学研究中心项目(2018-5)。
关键词
砭石疗法
外治法
泗滨浮石
脑血管疾病
心血管疾病
cuneiform stone therapy
external treatment method
sibin pumice
cerebrovascular diseases
cardiovascular disease
