摘要
AI时代,算法以弥散性的方式迅速扎根生态环境领域,而且在不断深入与扩张。以数据为基础的算法借助自动化分析,内嵌环境决策各环节,决策效率极大提升,环境决策日趋算法化。然而,算法技术在提高环境决策质量与速度的同时,也将“算法黑箱”“算法霸权”“算法歧视”等基因性风险带入了决策过程,衍生环境决策失准、专业壁垒倍增、公众参与程度低等场景化风险。这种复合性的内生风险统一表现为政府信任危机、环境非正义加剧、环境保护公众参与权悬置,因此,直接限制了算法在生态环境领域的功能发挥。究其根源,环境决策与算法在互动过程中,环境决策的公开性、风险性、社会性与算法的不透明性、自主性、资本性不乏对立、叠加及互斥。算法的介入,使得其与环境决策的属性矛盾,不仅无法得到及时缓冲,反而进一步激化。由此可见,规制环境决策算法化衍生风险的关键在于调和环境决策与算法本质属性的矛盾。为此,该研究立足环境决策算法化所带来的“利”与“弊”,透析其衍生风险的内在逻辑,对环境决策与算法的本质属性进行适当的“扬抑”,从而提出具有针对性的场景化规制路径。所谓的“扬抑”,本质上是对算法技术与环境决策制度内涵利益之衡量。由此,为确保算法在生态环境领域的高效能运行,该研究以环境决策算法化的公开与透明、重监管严问责、公众的全面参与为规制路径,增加算法透明度,削弱算法及环境决策的不确定性,抑制算法的资本性,扶持环境决策的公开性与社会性,从而调和二者的属性矛盾,衡平各方利益,促进环境决策制度的健康发展。
In the era of AI,algorithms have been rapidly applied to the ecological environment in a diffuse way and continue to deepen and expand.Algorithms based on data exist in every decision-making process with the help of automatic analysis,which greatly improves the efficiency of decision-making and is constantly converging environmental decision-making and algorithms.However,while improving the quality and speed of environmental decision-making,algorithm technology also brings into the decision-making process general technical genetic risks such as‘algorithm black box,’‘algorithm hegemony,’and‘algorithm discrimination,’resulting in special scenario-based risks such as inaccurate environmental decision-making,the multiplication of professional barriers,and a low degree of public participation.The inherent risks are manifested in the crisis of government trust,the aggravation of environmental injustice,and the suspension of public participation rights in environmental protection,which directly affect the function of algorithms in the field of ecological environment.The fundamental reason is that in the process of the interaction between environmental decision-making and algorithms,there is no lack of opposition,overlap,or exclusion between the openness,risk,and sociality of environmental decisionmaking and the opacity,autonomy,and capital of algorithms.Due to the strong intervention of algorithms in environmental decisionmaking,the contradiction between the attributes of algorithms and environmental decision-making is not buffered in time but is further intensified.Therefore,the key to reducing the risk of applying algorithms to environmental decision-making lies in reconciling the contradiction between environmental decision-making and algorithms.Based on the advantages and disadvantages of algorithms for environmental decision-making,this paper makes proper adjustments to the essential attributes of algorithms and environmental decision-making for the purpose of achieving a balance between the benefits of
作者
赵一丁
陈亮
ZHAO Yiding;CHEN Liang(School of Economic Law,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期68-76,共9页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
重庆市社会科学规划重大项目“成渝地区双城经济圈智能化纠纷解决机制构建研究”(批准号:2021ZDSC02)。
关键词
环境决策
算法化
风险
法律规制
environmental decision⁃making
algorithmization
deriative risk
legal regulation
