摘要
自我雇佣是农民工实现经济和社会融合的重要途径。本研究利用CLDS2014调查数据,采用Heckman两步法,在纠正样本选择性偏误的基础上,考察了农民工自我雇佣及其收入效应的性别差异。结果发现,女性农民工从事自我雇佣的比例较低,且生存型比例高、经营规模小、经营绩效劣于男性,女性自雇者的收入水平低于男性。人力资本、社会资本及社会性别分工与家庭角色的不同,致使男女农民工从事自雇活动的动机差异较大,并最终导致自雇者较大的性别收入差距。为此,公共政策应将性别意识纳入政府决策范畴,为女性农民工创业提供更多的政策支持,以促进我国“以人为本”城镇化目标的实现。
Self-employers are easier to realize their economic and social assimilation than employees in urban labor market.Using CLDS2014 and Heckman two-stage model to overcome the heterogeneity,the paper studied gender difference in self-employment and it's income effect of Chinese rural migrants.The result shows:Compared with male migrants,fewer female migrants engage in self-employment activities;instead they prefer to engage in survival self-employment with small-scale and poor business performance,thus their choice of self-employment can only bring lower income returns than their male counterparts.Low human capital and poor social capital together with traditional gender segment,result in gender difference in self-employ motivation,and eventually bring about female self-employers'lower income.Thus,in order to accelerate the realization of the goal of Chinese urbanization,gender awareness should be taken into public policy,which can provide more policy support for female migrants'self-employment.
作者
周春芳
ZHOU Chunfang(Rural Development Institute,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Sciences,Nanjing 210004,China)
出处
《山西农业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2023年第2期115-124,共10页
Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Social Science Edition
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“生命历程视角下留守经历的长期效应与社会支持体系研究”(22BJY248)。
关键词
农民工
自我雇佣
收入回报
性别差异
Heckman两步法
Rural-urban migrants
Self-employment
Economic return
Gender difference
Heckman's two-stage model
