摘要
由于大部分能源通过热能的形式被使用,故在实际应用中提高热能利用率显得尤为重要。相变材料作为一种热能储能介质,通过其储存或释放潜热的特性,可以实现能源的高效利用,进而降低二氧化碳的排放。但是在实际应用中相变材料存在一定的局限性,如过冷现象、低导热率、泄漏和腐蚀问题等。微胶囊相变储能材料(又称为相变微胶囊)是通过一定的封装技术将相变材料包裹在内,从而避免相变材料发生泄漏,可通过对壳材的改性实现更高的机械强度、热稳定性和导热性能。从微观尺度上相变微胶囊可分为微米级和纳米级微胶囊。随着微胶囊相变材料在热能储存领域的广泛应用,越来越多的研究者对其进行深入开发和应用。本文从相变微胶囊的合成材料、制备方法和应用领域等方面进行详细综述,重点介绍相变微胶囊的芯材和壳材的种类及其优缺点;分析相变微胶囊的制备方法及其应用与发展,如电喷雾技术和喷雾干燥法等物理法,乳液聚合法、细乳液聚合法、原位聚合法和界面聚合法等化学法,以及凝聚法和溶胶-凝胶法等物理化学法;最后阐述了相变微胶囊在建筑、调温纺织品和太阳能利用等领域的应用现状及前景。
Thermal energy is the most used form of energy,and thus,it is important to improve its utilization rate in practical applications.Phase-change materials are a thermal energy storage medium that can achieve a high utilization rate of energy by storing or releasing latent heat,thus reducing the emission of carbon dioxide.However,phase-change materials have certain limitations,such as subcooling,low thermal conductivity,liquid leakage,and corrosion problems,in practical applications.These materials can be wrapped by a certain packaging technology to prepare microcapsules in order to avoid any liquid leakage.Modification of shell materials can result in better mechanical strength,improved thermal stability,and high thermal conductivity.Phase-change microcapsules can be categorized into micron and nanomicrocapsules at the microscopic scale.Numerous scholars have studied the preparation and application of phase-change microcapsules in the field of thermal energy storage.Thus,this article presents a detailed review of the synthetic materials,preparation methods,and application fields of phase-change microcapsules,focusing on the types of core and shell materials and their advantages and disadvantages.In addition,this review emphasizes preparation methods such as physical methods(electrohydrodynamic encapsulation,spray drying method),chemical methods(emulsion polymerization,mini-emulsion polymerization,in situ polymerization and interfacial polymerization),and physical-chemical methods(coacervation and sol-gel method).Finally,the review introduces and prospects the application of phase-change microcapsules in the fields of construction,temperature-controlled textiles,and solar energy utilization.
作者
张琦
刘重阳
宋俊
张雪龄
李银雷
栗艳芳
ZHANG Qi;LIU Chongyang;SONG Jun;ZHANG Xueling;LI Yinlei;LI Yanfang(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 459001,Henan,China)
出处
《储能科学与技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期1110-1130,共21页
Energy Storage Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51906230)
河南省科技攻关项目(212102210007)。
关键词
热能储存
相变微胶囊
芯材与壳材
相变材料
thermal energy storage
phase change microcapsules
core and shell materials
phase change material
