摘要
以黄土高原的典型工业污染河流北洛河为研究对象,测定其干支流17个采样点沉积物中的8种重金属(Hg、As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn)质量分数,结合描述性统计结果对重金属的空间分布特征进行分析。进一步利用地累积指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法分析重金属的污染程度与生态风险,利用PMF模型和相关性分析进行来源解析。结果表明:北洛河上游沉积物中重金属的平均质量分数高于中下游,As、Cd和Zn的均值分别为背景值的1.26、1.28和1.41倍,Zn、Hg、Cd、Pb、As和Cu的变异系数大于30%,为高度变异水平。地累积指数法与内梅罗综合污染指数法显示,北洛河上游B1处和下游B13处沉积物中重金属污染处于中高水平;潜在生态风险指数法显示,单一元素污染危害程度依次为Cd>Hg>As>Cu>Ni>Pb>Zn>Cr,整体来看,Cd和Hg的潜在生态危害较大,中游B_(10)和下游B_(13)存在中等生态风险,其余点位均为轻微生态风险。来源解析表明,北洛河沉积物中重金属的3个来源分别为交通污染源(30.74%)、煤炭石油类工业污染源(35.51%)及农业活动和自然母质的混合来源(33.75%)。研究成果可为北洛河沉积物重金属污染的科学治理及流域生态管理提供理论参考。
With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,the wide spread of heavy metal pollution in river sediments is posing a threat to the ecological security.As a typical river on the Loess Plateau,the pollution of Beiluo River is becoming increasingly prominent,whereas no attempt has been made to systematically evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in the watershed.Therefore,the monitoring and analysis of typical heavy metals in sediments of Beiluo River is of great significance to the ecological health of the basin.In June 2021,sediments were sampled from 17 sites in the main and tributaries of the Beiluo River.The spatial distribution of eight heavy metals(Hg,As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Ni,Zn)was determined by microwave digestionatomic fluorescence spectrometry and Aqua regia extraction-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,followed by evaluating the degree of heavy metal pollution and the ecological risk assessment using geoaccumulation index,Nemerow pollution index,and potential ecological risk index,respectively.The source apportionment was conducted using Positive Matrix Factorization(PMF)model and Pearson correlation analysis.The distribution characteristics of heavy metals showed that the content of heavy metals in each sampling site varied greatly.In particular,the content of Zn was significantly higher than that of other heavy metals.The highest content of total heavy metals appeared in the upstream B_(1)(448.46 mg/kg),followed by the downstream B_(13)(323.43 mg/kg).Some heavy metal contents were higher than the heavy metal background values of Shaanxi Province.The order of coefficient of variation was as follows:Zn(68.21%)>Hg(51.78%)>Cd(49.65%)>Pb(41.61%)>As(31.82%)>Cu(30.77%)>Ni(23.89%)>Cr(23.74%).In the matter of ecological risk assessment,the geoaccumulation index analyses showed that the accumulative conditions of Cd and Zn were moderately polluted,and most of the other heavy metals were at the pollution-free level.The Nemerow pollution index ranged from 0.74 to 3.64,with an ave
作者
张涵
王芝麟
邹彬
郭季璞
陈文武
田雨露
郭家骅
ZHANG Han;WANG Zhilin;ZOU Bin;GUO Jipu;CHEN Wenwu;TIAN Yulu;GUO Jiahua(State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company,Xi'an 710048,China;Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Company,Xi'an 710100,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China)
出处
《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期332-341,共10页
South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金青年项目(42201109)
陕西省国际科技合作计划重点项目(2023-GHZD-30)。
关键词
北洛河
沉积物
重金属
空间分布
生态风险评价
污染来源
Beiluo River
sediment
heavy metal
spatial distribution
ecological risk assessment
pollution source
