摘要
2021年9月,世界卫生组织发布了《全球空气质量指导值(2021)》,在国际上引起了政府、社会组织和公众的广泛关注。本文梳理了全球空气质量指导值2021版相较于2005版的主要更新内容,以及全球空气质量指导值与我国环境空气质量标准之间的差异。基于我国2017年以来地级及以上城市的空气质量监测数据,比较了使用我国环境空气质量标准和全球空气质量指导值对我国空气质量进行评价的结果差异。同时,分析了全球不同国家空气质量现状和全球空气质量指导值要求的差距,以及我国空气质量在全球国家中的位次。评价结果显示:如果将2021版指导值作为评价标准,则2021年我国地级及以上城市日评价值达标比例仅为19.8%,所有城市的年评价指标均不能达标;我国PM_(2.5)和O_(3)暴露水平在全球203个国家中均处于世界中后水平。本文建议结合全球空气质量指导值的新要点,适时启动我国环境空气质量标准修订及相关大气环境质量管理制度的研究工作,引导我国城市空气质量持续改善。
The World Health Organization released the new WHO global air quality guidelines in September 2021,which has aroused widespread concern among the governments,social organizations and the public.This study first pointed out the main updates of the 2021 version relative to the previous version released in 2005,as well as the differences between Global air quality guidelines and China’s ambient air quality standards.Based on the air quality monitoring data of 337 cities in China since 2017,the differences between the evaluation results of China’s air quality using China’s ambient air quality standards and Global air quality guidelines were compared.At the same time,the gap between the air quality status of different countries and Global air quality guidelines were analyzed,as well as the ranking of China’s air quality among global countries.The assessment results showed that if the Global air quality guidelines was taken as the standard for the air quality evaluation of 337 cities in China in 2021,only 19.8%of days could meet the 24-hour standard;and the annual evaluation index of all cities could not reach the standard.The exposure level of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) in China was at the middle to lower level among 203 countries in the world.This study suggested that the revision of air quality standards and related policies in China should be initiated to guide the continuous improvement of air quality.
作者
刘伟
郑逸璇
冯悦怡
雷宇
LIU Wei;ZHENG Yixuan;FENG Yueyi;LEI Yu(Institute of Atmospheric Environment,Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《中国环境管理》
2023年第2期140-148,共9页
Chinese Journal of Environmental Management
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“区域公平视角下的PM2.5污染控制效果评价方法研究”(72171157)
国家重点研发计划项目“环境空气质量评估与标准制修订关键技术及应用”(2022YFC3703000)。
关键词
空气质量指导值
空气质量评价
环境空气质量标准
Global air quality guidelines
air quality assessment
ambient air quality standard
