摘要
合成生物学是一门新兴学科。从广义上讲,合成生物学是通过将基因工程、系统生物学、计算机工程等多学科作为工具,根据特定需求进行设计,乃至重新合成生物体系。近20年来,合成生物学领域的相关研究不断取得突破,并已在针对人类疾病的诊断、临床治疗、药物研发等诸多方面获得重要应用。合成生物学不仅为疾病的早期、精确诊断提供新的思路和技术手段,还发展出多种新型的疾病治疗手段,包括基于合成生物学原理设计的细胞疗法、细菌疗法、疫苗、生物医学材料等。利用合成生物学方法,我们可以精确诊断早期疾病、精准改造细胞或细菌、进行疾病机制研究和药物筛选、快速生产新型疫苗和生物医学材料。基于合成生物学的疾病诊疗方法将是科研领域重要的发展方向之一,并将在未来彻底改变临床疾病的诊疗方式。本文综述合成生物学原理和技术在疾病诊断和治疗中的应用,并进一步探讨合成生物学在疫苗生产、生物医学材料、新药研发等方面的应用。
Synthetic biology(SB)is an emerging discipline,which utilizes genetic engineering,systems biology,computer science,and other disciplines as tools to design,and even re-synthesize biological systems for specific needs.In the past 20 years,milestone breakthroughs in SB have been achieved and applied in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases,particularly in the discovery of new drugs.SB not only provides new ideas and technical tools for the early and accurate diagnosis of diseases,but also develops a variety of new approaches for treating diseases,including cell therapy,bacteriotherapy,vaccines,and biomedical materials.Using SB-based methods,we can precisely diagnose diseases at an early stage,specifically engineer cells or bacteria,conduct mechanistic studies and drug screening,and rapidly produce vaccines and biomedical materials.SB with the“design-build-test”cycle greatly facilitates the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Moreover,SB applies engineering principles(modularity,composability,abstraction,and standardization)to redefine biological systems in a more modular and composable way.Through this framework,the basic units of the biological system are fully characterized as standardized motifs(DNA sequences or gene-encoded products),and these motifs are mixed and matched to construct a fully functional genetic apparatus.By utilizing recently developed gene editing tools,such as the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR/Cas9)technology,SB can integrate programmed devices into a chassis(e.g.,bacteria and yeast),create new systems capable of producing target biomolecules or behaviors,and precisely manipulate the genome of cells and individuals to repair genetic defects.SB-based disease diagnosis and treatment will be one of the important development directions in the field of scientific research to completely change the way of diagnosis and clinical treatment of diseases in the future.This article reviews the applications of SB-based technologies in disease di
作者
吴晓昊
廖荣东
李飞云
欧阳中天
冉怡
公维远
曲明灏
陈明珏
林荔军
肖国芝
WU Xiaohao;LIAO Rongdong;LI Feiyun;OUYANG Zhongtian;RAN Yi;GONG Weiyuan;QU Minghao;CHEN Mingjue;LIN Lijun;XIAO Guozhi(School of Medicine,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,Guangdong,China;Department of Orthopedics,Zhujiang Hospital,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou 510280,Guangdong,China)
出处
《合成生物学》
CSCD
2023年第2期244-262,共19页
Synthetic Biology Journal
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0906004)
国家自然科学基金(82230081,82250710175,82172375,81991513,81630066,81870532)。
关键词
合成生物学
疾病
诊断
治疗
新药研发
synthetic biology
disease
diagnosis
treatment
drug development
