摘要
传统铅阳极泥处理工艺为还原熔炼产贵铅-氧化精炼产银阳极板-电解精炼生产银粉,冶炼过程中锑元素基本以Sb_(2)O_(3)形态与As_(2)O_(3)共同进入烟尘中,采用加压浸出工艺处理含砷锑烟尘回收锑。整个工艺流程长、成本高、综合回收率低,而且废水产生量大,既不经济也不环保。本文利用转炉在高温还原熔炼过程中配入工业氢氧化钠进行高效脱砷处理,砷以砷碱渣形式与贵铅进行分离,生成的贵铅采用真空精馏技术梯级回收有价金属。验证试验结果表明,在加入的氢氧化钠与贵铅合金中砷含量的质量比2:1、反应时间4 h、反应温度1100℃的条件下,砷的脱除率可达95%以上。该工艺与真空精馏技术联合,金、银、铋、锑的回收率均有一定程度提高,而且缩短了流程,减少了锑渣、烟灰、废水等的产生,不但节约了熔炼成本,而且减轻了环保压力,具有良好的示范效应和推广价值。
The traditional process for lead anode slime includes reduction smelting to produce lead containing precious metals,oxidation refining to produce silver anode plate,and electrolysis refining to produce silver powder.During the process,the antimony element basically enters the flue dust in the form of Sb_(2)O_(3)and As_(2)O_(3),from which antimony is recovered by pressure leaching process.The whole process has some shortcomings such as long process,high cost,low recovery rate,and the large amount of waste water is produced,which is neither economical nor environmentally friendly.In this paper,industrial sodium hydroxide was added to the converter during the reduction smelting process to efficiently remove the arsenic in lead anode slime.In the process,arsenic is separated in the form of arsenic alkali residue from precious lead,and the precious metals are recovered by vacuum distillation technology.The verification test results show that the arsenic removal rate can reach more than 95%under the conditions of 2:1 mass ratio of sodium hydroxide to arsenic content in precious lead alloy,reaction time 4 h and reaction temperature 1100℃.Combined with vacuum distillation technology,the recovery rate of gold,silver,bismuth and antimony is improved,and the process is shortened,and the production of antimony slag,soot and wastewater is reduced.It not only saves the smelting cost,but also reduces the pressure of environmental protection,and has good demonstration effect and popularization value.
作者
张腾
赵祝鹏
张善辉
杨强
陶明光
ZHANG Teng;ZHAO Zhupeng;ZHANG Shanhui;YANG Qiang;TAO Mingguan(Shandong Humon Smelting Co.Ltd.,Yantai 264109,China)
出处
《中国有色冶金》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第2期48-53,共6页
China Nonferrous Metallurgy
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划“搭配砷物料的铜底吹熔炼砷危废源头减量技术”(2018YFC1900302)
国家重点基础研究发展计划“黄金冶炼氰渣多相安全解离及稳定化处置技术研究”(2018YFC1902002)。
关键词
铅阳极泥
金属回收
高效脱砷
砷锑烟尘
砷碱渣
贵铅
短流程冶炼
节能环保
lead anode slime
metal recovery
efficient arsenic removal
arsenic-antimony flue dust
arsenic-alkali slag
lead containing precious metals
short process smelting
energy saving and environmental protection
