摘要
雍正时期清政府在西南地区实施“改土归流”政策。雍正十三年裁永定卫设永定县,政策制度变革导致该地区人口来源呈现多样化特点,永定县成为民族聚居的区域。该文通过梳理历史文献和族谱等地方文献资料,明确永定县人员的构成来源,其主要有六大类:一是宋元时期自发迁入永定地区的人员;二是明代官方主导下军事性质的卫所移民,军户转民户;三是明代早期政府招民垦荒政策的实施,江西填湖广,客民迁入永定定居;四是明末清初为避灾乱迁至永定卫定居,后在永定卫发展形成氏族;五是因清初赋役制度改革,“招徕劝垦”荒地、“酌量升科”政策执行,驱动无户籍流民自发迁入永定县;六是“改土归流”政策实施后,传统隔离政策取消,界限消除,外来少数民族人口自发迁入,包括原茅岗土司部分辖区的土民。研究清代永定县人员构成有利于永定县社会治理的研究。
During the Yongzheng period,the Qing government implemented the policy of"changing the land and returning the stream"in the southwest region.In the 13th year of Yongzheng Emperor's reign,Yongding County was established by cutting down Yongding Wei.The changes in policies and systems led to the diversification of population sources in the region,making Yongding County a region inhabited by ethnic minorities.This article clarifies the source of the composition of Yongding County's personnel by combing historical documents,genealogy,and other local documents.There are six main categories:first,personnel who spontaneously migrated to Yongding area during the Song and Yuan dynasties;second,under the official leadership of the Ming Dynasty,the military nature of Weisuo immigration,military households to civilian households;the third was the implementation of the government's policy of recruiting and reclaiming wasteland in the early Ming Dynasty,which led to the filling of Huguang in Jiangxi Province and the relocation of guest residents to Yongding for settlement;fourth,in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,in order to avoid disasters,they moved to Yongdingwei to settle down,and later developed into a clan in Yongdingwei;fifthly,because of the reform of the tax and corvee system in the early Qing Dynasty,the implementation of the policy of"soliciting wasteland for reclamation"and"promoting science and technology as appropriate"drove the refugees without registered residence to move into Yongding County spontaneously;sixth,after the implementation of the policy of"changing the land and returning to the countryside",the traditional segregation policy was cancelled,and the boundaries were eliminated.The population of foreign ethnic minorities spontaneously migrated in,including the indigenous people in some areas under the former Maogang Chieftain.Studying the composition of personnel in Yongding County in the Qing Dynasty is beneficial to the study of social governance in Yongding County.
作者
李鑚
彭永庆
LI Zuan;PENG Yongqing(College of Humanities,Jishou University,Jishou Hunan,416000,China)
出处
《文化创新比较研究》
2023年第7期92-96,101,共6页
Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation
基金
2021年度吉首大学人文社会科学研究项目“从卫到县:治理视域下清代以来永定县村落社会的变迁”(项目编号:21SKY94)的项目成果。
关键词
卫所变革
清代
永定卫
永定县
人员构成
意义
The reform of Weisuo
Qing dynasty
Yongdingwei
Yongding County
Personnel composition
Significance
