摘要
习惯的存在,是为了节约行为主体的心智费用。人类的行为习惯与人类所处的情境秩序是一体两面的关系,习惯生成与秩序扩展,或习惯“返祖”与秩序收缩(坍塌)常常同时发生、密不可分。因此,习惯既有递增性特征,也有递归性特征。法理习惯是情理习惯的扩展秩序和叠加秩序,情理习惯是法理习惯的心性基础和情感之锚。情理秩序和法理秩序都具有“习惯性”的特征;从情理秩序自然过渡到法理秩序,主体适应这一秩序所支出的心智费用通常会先升后降,这就是“习惯化”;初级法理秩序往往会有进一步扩展为高级法理秩序的可能,但是,随着向其极限边界接近,生活于其中的人们的“习惯度”会随之递减,因为人类适应超广域秩序的注意的信息费用或心智费用将极为高昂。《贤愚经·檀腻?品》中记载的端正王对檀腻?所连续遭遇的七个“难办案件”以及三个“生活困惑”案例进行智判和解惑的故事,是一个从社科法学透视习惯生成与秩序扩展之微观机理的绝佳素材。由此可以总结出这样一条“定律”:秩序规模与主体的习惯度成反比,与主体的心智费用成正比,与第三方权威的依赖成正比。“习惯生成与秩序扩展”作为一个分析框架和思维方法,是一种“进化论理性主义”的进路,其视角是自下而上、由内而外,关注的是一种内生的、本土性习惯秩序的渐进性成长。与谢晖教授的“情法一元论”具有内在的契合性。但是,近代以来,在中国还有一种相反的、更为强势的进路,即“习惯改造与秩序嵌入”,这是一种自上而下、由外而内的视角,关注的是一种建构性秩序,或某种外来秩序对本土秩序的改造性嵌入,即所谓“教鱼游泳”。基于中国固有情理习惯的“天命”特征和“涌现”禀赋,从大历史、大时空的视角来看,以“进化论理性主义”为理念(信仰)基础的
The existing of habits was to save the cost of psyche for behavioral agent.Human's behavioral habit and situation are both sides for each other.The producing of habits and extended order were coincidence at the same time.Therefore,habits had uptick characteristics,as well as recursiveness.Legal principle habits were extension and superposition of emotion and law,on other hand,the habits of emotion and law were the legal principle habit's foundation and feeling's basic.The feeling-rational order and the legal principle order both had a characteristic,that means habituation.From the feeling-rational order to the legal principle order,the cost of psyche usually first rise and then descended,this was called habituation.The primary legal principle order perhaps changed into advanced one.But,with the change to the ultimate state,human's habituation then descended,because of the cost were high expensive than before.In Xianyu Sutra·Tanni-ji-pin,there were some stories about Duan-zheng king's judgment and disabusing for Tan-ni-ji,who got into trouble in seven difficult cases and three animal's difficulties in life,these stories were the best materials to observe the producing of habits and extended order using law method.Therefore,we could summarize a theory:the order's scale was in inverse proportion to habituation,but was in direct proportion to human's cost of psyche.The producing of habits and the extended order was recorded a analytical framework and thinking method,was a evolutionary rationalism,and it's visual angle was from bottom to top,and from the inside out,and pay a attention to endogenetic,indigenous habits producing,which was related to the monism for the emotion and law provided by professor Xie Hui.But,since modern times,there was another opposite,strong view,that means habit's reform and order's implant,this was a view that from top to bottom,outside-inside approach,which paid attention to a constructed order,in another words,some foreign orders reformed native order,sometimes was called teaching fish t
作者
王勇
Wang Yong(Collegeof Law,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China)
出处
《天水师范学院学报》
2023年第1期51-61,共11页
Journal of Tianshui Normal University
关键词
习惯生成
秩序扩展
《贤愚经·檀腻?品》
心智费用
“情法一元论”
the producing of habits
extended order
Xianyu Sutra Tan-ni-ji-pin
the cost of psyche
the monism for emotion and law
