摘要
“左不过”是一个地道的北方方言副词,自清代产生以后一直沿用至今。在清代白话小说里,语气副词“左右”与范围副词“不过”的连用现象就出现了。高频率的共现连用,使得跨层结构“左右不过”在心理组块认知机制的作用下发生固化,成为“类短语”。而类短语“左右不过”的高频使用,又进一步诱发它由类短语向词转化。不过由于类短语“左右不过”不是双音节音步,导致它的成词,不像一般短语那样直接凝固成双音节词,而是简缩成了三音节词“左不过”。在汉语韵律机制的作用下,“左不过”后来又进一步简缩为“左不”。“左不过”之所以有“左右”和“不过”两个义项,可能与类短语“左右不过”在简缩成词的过程中说话人表意的侧重点不同有关。
The adverb“Zuobuguo”is a typical northern dialect adverb which has been used since its inception in the Qing Dynasty.In the vernacular novels of the Qing Dynasty,the combination of the mood adverb“Zuoyou”(左右)and the scope adverb“buguo”(不过)was observed.The frequent co-occurrence and co-use of these two adverbs resulted in the trans-layered structure“Zuoyou Buguo”(左右不过)solidifying under the action of the cognitive mechanism of the psychological block and becoming a“quasi-phrase”.The frequent use of the quasi phrase“Zuoyou Buguo”further induced its transformation from quasi phrase to word.However,due to the fact that the quasi-phrase“Zuoyou Buguo”is not a two syllable step,its word formation was not directly solidified into a two syllable word like a general phrase,but was reduced to a three syllable word“Zuobuguo”.Under the influence of Chinese prosodic mechanism,“Zuobuguo”was further reduced to“Zuobu”(左不).The reason why“Zuobuguo”has two meanings of“anyway”and“only”may be related to the different emphasis of the speaker in the process of reducing the phrase“Zuoyou Buguo”into a word.
作者
张振羽
ZHANG Zhen-yu(Huaihua University,Huaihua,Hunan 418000)
出处
《怀化学院学报》
2023年第1期126-130,共5页
Journal of Huaihua University
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“明清方言虚词的语法化与词汇化”(16XYY014)。
关键词
左不过
北方方言
副词
跨层结构
“Zuobuguo”
northern dialect
adverb
trans-layered structure
