摘要
[目的]探索梵净山世界自然遗产地的原始森林植物物种。[方法]2019年5月在旅游淡季时沿旅游线路的万步云梯从步梯0步(鱼坳,海拔836 m)至金顶蘑菇石(海拔2 318 m),对总海拔跨度1 482 m的步梯沿途视野20 m处维管植物物种进行考察并拍照,室内结合《中国植物志》等资料鉴定植物物种。[结果]梵净山世界自然遗产地有穗花杉、伯乐树、粗榧、华西花楸、瓶尔小草、金发藓等植物达100种之多,并且总海拔跨度1 482 m的梵净山世界自然遗产地植被垂直带谱明显,其中836~1 300 m处为常绿阔叶林,第三纪古老孑遗的长柄水青冈群落分布在海拔1 114 m处;1 300~1 900 m处为三峡槭、贵州青冈、亮叶水青冈和米心水青冈等组成的常绿落叶阔叶混交林;1 900~2 100 m处为亮叶水青冈、多脉青冈等为优势种的落叶阔叶林,结构完整、自然更替良好的贵州青冈群落分布在海拔2 031 m处;2 100~2 200 m为雷山杜鹃、大钟杜鹃、吊钟花等杜鹃花科植物和木樨科的川滇蜡树等亚高山杜鹃矮林,林下层为箭竹、玉簪等草本,2 200~2 318 m为亚高山灌丛草甸,由紫药红荚蒾、西康绣线菊等形成的灌丛及玉山针蔺兰、黄毛草莓等草丛,并有箭竹分布于该植被带。海拔2 000 m以上苔藓植物分布丰富,主要有南亚白发藓、提灯藓、大羽藓、金发藓等。[结论]在贵州梵净山世界自然遗产地有着保存完好的亚热带原始常绿及落叶阔叶林,植被覆盖率在90%以上,植被垂直带谱明显。
[Objective]To explore the plant species of the original forest in Fanjing Mountain in the World Natural Heritage Site.[Method]In the off-season of tourism in May 2019,plant species were examined and photographed at 20 m along the total elevation span of 1482 m along the ladder from 0 step(Yuao,elevation 836 m)to JindingMoshi(elevation 2318 m).Plant species were identified by combining the data of Flora of China and other materials.[Result]The results showed that there were over 100 plants species in World Natural Heritage Site in Fanjingshan,such as Ametotaxus argotaenia(Hance)Pilger.,Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl.,Cephalotaxus sinensis(Rehd.et Wils.)Li.,Sorbus wilsoniana Schneid,Ophioglossum vulgatum Linn.Sp.,Floribundaria floribunda(Dozy et Molk.)Fleisch..The altitudinal spectrum of vegetation was obvious in World Natural Heritage Site in Fanjingshan with a total altitude span of 1482 m.The evergreen broad-leaved forest was located at 836-1300 m altitude,and the ancient tertiary relict community of Cyclobalanopsis pedunculata was distributed at 1114 m altitude.An evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest composed of Acer wilsonii,Cyclobalanopsis argyrotricha,Fagus lucida and Fagus engleriana.et was located at a distance of 1300 m to 1900 m;There were deciduous broad-leaved forests with dominant species such as Fagus lucida and Cyclobalanopsis multinervis etc.at 1900 m to 2100 m.Cyclobalanopsis argyrotricha community which had a complete structure and good natural replacement,is distributed at an altitude of approximately 2031 m.Subalpine rhododendron scrub forest distrubuted 2100-2200 m composed Ericaceae and Oleaceae,Rhododendron leishanicum,Rhododendron ririei,Enkianthus quinqueflorus et,Ligustrum delavayanum,there were Fargesia spathacea,Hosta plantaginea;2200-2318 m was subalpine shrub meadow,shrub layer was composed by Spiraea schneideriana and Viburnum erubescens et,meadow was composed by Eulaliopsis binata,Fragaria nilgerrensis et,and Fargesia spathacea distributed in the vegetation belt.Bryophyte wa
作者
刘明智
陈明霞
袁波
罗家勋
谭善财
LIU Ming-zhi;CHEN Ming-xia;YUAN Bo(School of Agriculture,Tongren Vocational and Technical College,Tongren,Guizhou 554300;College of Humanities,Tongren University,Tongren,Guizhou 554300)
出处
《安徽农业科学》
CAS
2023年第7期126-130,共5页
Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences
基金
铜仁市科技计划项目(铜市科研[2017]23号)。
关键词
梵净山
万步云梯
植物种类
植被
Fanjing Mountain
Ten thousand step ladder
Plant species
Vegetation
