摘要
【目的】城市公园能显著提升城市人群的健康福祉水平,是重要的社会公共服务资源,其公平分配是城市尺度下环境正义领域研究的关键议题之一。【方法】以南昌市中心城区为例,从路网、公园吸引力、出行概率、出行模式4个维度优化两步移动搜索法(2SFCA),计算各居民点的公园可达性,引入洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数等公平性指标以及双变量局部莫兰指数对可达性水平的空间分异情况进行测度。【结果】结果表明:1)南昌市各区域间公园可达性水平分异显著,新区和旧城中心区公园可达性差异较大;2)公园可达性空间布局总体处于失衡状态,公园资源与人口密度失配;3)提升公园服务能力和降低居民出行成本均可以提升公平性,但通过降低居民出行成本获得的提升比较有限。【结论】通过提出公园可达性优化方案并进行绩效评估,可为优化公园空间配置、保障环境正义等实践提供科学依据。
[Objective]Cities are a combination of“gray space”and“green space”,consisting of both man-made and natural environments.The massive expansion of urban built-up areas and the explosive growth of urban population in the past decades have caused negative impacts on the environment,economy and society.As a component of urban green space,urban parks play a crucial role in the sustainable development of cities.However,the spatial layout of urban parks is not always coupled with population distribution,which can lead to a certain degree of inequity in access to parks for residents living in different areas,and the disadvantaged groups in cities are more likely to be deprived of green space.Ensuring the equal accessibility and layout of urban parks is a major challenge in today’s urban development,and a key to achieving environmental justice.However,most of the previous researches in China only measure the fairness of park distribution by accessibility level,but fail to consider the fairness indicators comprehensively,not to mention the lack of effective accessibility measurement methods.2SFCA is the fairest accessibility measurement model that operates by calculating the supply-demand ratio of public facilities,but the underlying algorithm thereof only focuses on the improvement of a single dimension,and the thinking dimension is not broad enough.In view of this,this research considers several key dimensions of the 2SFCA algorithm that can be improved to further perfect the traditional 2SFCA model to measure the accessibility of urban parks in the central urban area of Nanchang,and then analyze the fairness of the spatial layout of urban parks.[Methods]This research plans to use a variety of mathematical models to evaluate the accessibility of urban parks in Nanchang and the equity of their layout.2SFCA is most widely used in previous researches in terms of accessibility and equity,but the model only considers a single dimension,making the analysis results thereof less accurate.Therefore,this research improves
作者
邱文
贺利平
钟乐
王姗
QIU Wen;HE Liping;ZHONG Le;WANG Shan(Nanchang Institute of Science&Technology;Yanluo Sub-district,Baoan District,Shenzhen;School of Horticulture and Forestry,Huazhong Agricultural University;College of Arts&College of Landscape Architecture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University)
出处
《风景园林》
2023年第4期78-86,共9页
Landscape Architecture
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金“基于多维度适宜性评价的自然保护地体系重构研究”(编号2662020YLQD003)。
关键词
风景园林
环境正义
城市公园
可达性
空间分异
landscape architecture
environmental justice
urban park
accessibility
spatial differentiation
