摘要
2018年1月至2021年6月,采用红外相机技术监测了以石窟寺与古建筑为代表的4处遗产地动物活动,共布设相机22台,累计9463个相机日,获得野生动物独立有效照片10946张,监测到鸟兽类合计6目13科18种;依据相对多度指数(RAI)确定莫高窟、炳灵寺石窟、麦积山石窟和紫金庵典型优势物种分别为:大沙鼠(Rhombomys opimus)(RAI:35.75)、岩鸽(Columba rupestris)(RAI:75.99)、岩松鼠(Sciurotamias davidianus)(RAI:43.17)和珀氏长吻松鼠(Dremomys pernyi)(RAI:43.65);4种优势物种季节性活动均表现为夏季最高,冬季最低;月活动节律为每年8月最高,1月最低;大沙鼠、岩鸽、岩松鼠、珀氏长吻松鼠日活动高峰分别为8∶00~10∶00、10∶00~12∶00、10∶00~12∶00、2∶00~4∶00。鸟兽类主要通过抓痕、筑巢、粪便污染等形式危害文物,结合上述研究,提出了针对性的防治措施建议。研究结果为厘清遗产地动物种群特征、活动节律以及动物防治提供了技术支撑和科学依据。
The infrared camera technology was used to monitor animal activities at four heritage sites representing cave temples and ancient buildings,from January 2018 to June 2021.A total of 10946 independent wildlife photographs(6 orders,13 families and 18 species)were collected within 9463 camera-days by 22 cameras.According to the relative abundance index(RAI),the typical dominant species in Mogao Grottoes,Bingling Cave Temple,Maiji Mountain Grottoes and Zijin Nunnery were determined respectively to be:Rhombomys opimus(RAI:35.75),Columba rupestris(RAI:75.99),Sciurotamias davidianus(RAI:43.17)and Dremomys pernyi(RAI:43.65).The highest seasonal activities of the four dominant species are in summer and the lowest in winter.The highest monthly activity rhythm is in August and the lowest in January.The daily activity peaks of Rhombomys opimus,Columba rupestris,Sciurotamias davidianus and Dremomys pernyi are 8∶00~10∶00,10∶00~12∶00,10∶00~12∶00 and 2∶00~4∶00,respectively.Mammals and birds mainly endanger cultural relics in the forms of scratches,nesting and fecal pollution,etc.Based on the above studies,targeted prevention and control measures are proposed.The results of this study could provide technological support and a scientific basis for clarifying the characteristics of animal populations,activity rhythms and animal control at heritage sites.
作者
陈章
李隆
武发思
朱非清
汪万福
赵雪芬
岳永强
CHEN Zhang;LI Long;WU Fasi;ZHU Feiqing;WANG Wanfu;ZHAO Xuefen;YUE Yongqiang(National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites(Dunhuang Academy),Jiuquan 736200,China;Key Scientific Research Base for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings(Dunhuang Academy),National Cultural Heritage Administration,Jiuquan 736200,China;Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang Cultural Heritage(Dunhuang Academy),Jiuquan 736200,China;Conservation Institute of Bingling Cave Temple(Dunhuang Academy),Linxia 731100,China;Art Institute of Maiji Mountain Grottoes(Dunhuang Academy),Tianshui 741000,China)
出处
《文物保护与考古科学》
北大核心
2023年第2期106-115,共10页
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目资助(32060258
32060277),甘肃省文物保护科学和技术研究课题资助(GWJ201815),甘肃省科技计划项目资助(20YF8WF016)。
关键词
文化遗产
红外相机
动物活动节律
防治措施
文物保护
Cultural heritage
Infrared camera
Animal activity rhythm
Prevention and control measures
Cultural relic conservation
