摘要
医疗与介护是老年人的两个主要刚性需求,也是社会保障费用的重要支出方向。日本从社会保障费用支出效率化的角度出发,于2000年建立了介护保险制度,并进行了医疗、介护一体化改革。这项改革经历了医疗和介护分离、结合、融合三个阶段。设立独立的介护保险制度,完善相应的法律法规,提供专设的资金支持,确保医疗、介护人员的数量和质量,建立完善的医疗、介护服务网络,促进多主体之间协作是日本医疗、介护一体化改革实践中积累的优秀经验。但该国未来仍可能面临医疗、介护从业人员不足,介护保险费收支失衡风险加大等挑战。日本的实践经验在制度建立、配套法律、人员保障、服务体系、协同机制等方面为我国发展医养结合提供了重要启示。
Medical care and nursing care are the two main rigid needs of the elderly,and they are also the important expenditure directions for social security expenses.From the perspective of the efficiency of social security expenditure,Japan established the nursing care insurance system in 2000,and carried out the reform of the integration of medical treatment and nursing care.This reform has gone through three stages of separation,combination of medical treatment and nursing care and integration of medical treatment and nursing care.Establishing an independent long-term care insurance system,improving corresponding laws and regulations,providing special financial support,ensuring the quantity and quality of medical and nursing personnel,establishing a complete medical and nursing service network,and promoting collaboration among multiple subjects is Japan’s excellent experience accumulated in the reform practice of the integration of medical treatment and nursing care.However,in the future,Japan may still face challenges such as insufficient medical and nursing practitioners and the increased risk of imbalance in the income and expenditure of nursing insurance premiums.Japan's practical experience provides important inspiration for China's development of medical care integration in terms of system establishment,supporting laws,personnel protection,service system,and coordination mechanism.
作者
付琳
刘晓梅
FU Lin;LIU Xiaomei
出处
《社会保障研究》
北大核心
2023年第1期87-95,共9页
Social Security Studies
基金
大连市社科院(研究中心)课题“智慧化社区居家养老视角下的互助学习分享模式的构建与探索”(2022dlsky224)的研究成果。
关键词
医疗、介护一体化
日本
改革
integration of medical treatment and nursing care
Japan
reform
