摘要
利用全国2419个国家气象观测站长序列日最高气温资料,依据目前国家气候中心业务上采用的区域性高温过程客观判别标准和综合评估模型,对1961-2020年我国区域性高温过程的最早开始和最晚结束日期、发生频次以及过程的持续时间、覆盖范围、高温强度和综合强度等的气候特征和长期变化趋势进行了分析.结果显示:(1)我国区域性高温过程平均每年发生4次,在5月上旬至10月上旬均可出现,主要集中在6月下旬至8月下旬,其中7、8月发生最为频繁.区域性高温过程在年内的首次出现日期平均为6月18日,末次结束日期平均为8月31日.平均每次过程覆盖760站、高温强度36.4℃、持续日数13天.(2)近60年来,我国区域性高温过程在年内的首次出现日期明显提前、末次结束日期显著推后,整个高温期大幅变长;区域性高温过程的发生频次呈先减少后增加变化特征,1990s以后维持高位;区域性高温过程的平均高温强度先减弱后增强,1980-2020年增强趋势显著;区域性高温过程的覆盖范围显著增大、持续时间显著变长、综合强度显著增强.(3)近60年,我国历年区域性高温过程的首次开始时间和末次结束时间,高温期长度及高温过程发生频次等均没有发生气候突变;区域性高温过程的平均高温强度在1987年由弱转强,并在2002年进一步突变增强.同时,区域性高温过程的影响范围、持续时间和综合强度分别在1998、2016和2012年前后突变增加和增强.总体而言,近60年来我国区域性高温过程已发生了显著变化,高温灾害趋于严重.
Based on the historical records of the daily maximum temperature data in 2419 national meteorological stations of China, the regional high temperature process(RHTP) in China from 1961 to 2020 is identified objectively, following the method adopted in operation by the National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration. And then the climatology and changing trends are investigated. It is found that there are four RHTPs per year in China on average, occurring from early May to early October and concentrating from late June to late August. And it is the most frequent in July and August. The mean earliest start date of the process is on 18 June and the mean latest ending date is on 31 August. For each process, the mean extent includes 760 stations, the average daily maximum temperature is 36.4℃ and the mean duration reaches 13 days. From 1961 to 2020, the beginning of the RHTP advanced significantly but the ending has delayed dramatically, and then the period with the RHTP occurring has lengthened correspondingly. The frequency of the RHTP in China decreased from the 1960s to the 1980s but transferred to an increase entering the early 1990s. Similarly, the mean daily maximum temperature averaged in all processes of a year decreased first and then increased. And the upward trend is significant from 1980 to 2020. In the recent 6 decades, both the extent and duration of the RHTP in China have shown a significant increasing trend. Moreover, the comprehensive index combining the mean daily maximum temperature, extent, and duration of a process has also increased significantly. Additionally, there is no abrupt change detected in the time series of the first start date, the latest ending date, the length of the period with the RHTP occurring, and the frequency of the RHTP in China from 1961 to 2020. However, the mean intensity of the RHTP transmitted from weakening to intensifying in 1987 and further strengthened significantly in 2002. Moreover, the extent, duration, and comprehensive index of the RHTP increased
作者
王荣
王遵娅
高荣
叶殿秀
WANG Rong;WANG ZunYa;GAO Rong;YE DianXiu(National Climate Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《地球物理学报》
SCIE
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期494-504,共11页
Chinese Journal of Geophysics
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFA0608203)
广东省基础与应用基础研究重大项目(2020B0301030004)
国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY101201)共同资助。
关键词
区域性高温过程
气候特征
变化趋势
Regional high temperature process
Climatology
Changing trend
