摘要
目的 了解广州市非近视儿童远视储备不足现状及其影响因素。方法 2021年9―12月,在广州市11个区采取分层整群随机抽样方法,每区抽取2~3所幼儿园、2所小学、2所初中开展眼科检查和问卷调查,对其中6~12岁非近视儿童(8 335名)的屈光度和远视储备不足情况进行分析,采用χ^(2)检验和多因素Log-binomial回归模型分析9~12岁非近视儿童(3 216名)远视储备不足影响因素。结果 2021年广州市6~12岁非近视儿童等效球镜度数(spherical equivalent, SE)为+0.13(-0.25,+0.50) D,远视储备不足检出率为85.18%。各年龄段SE分别为6岁+0.38(0.00,+0.75) D、7岁+0.25(-0.13,+0.50) D、8岁+0.13(-0.13,+0.50) D、9岁+0.13(-0.25,+0.38) D、10岁0.00(-0.38,+0.38) D、11岁0.00(-0.38,+0.25) D、12岁-0.13(-0.50,+0.25) D;远视储备不足检出率6岁为88.57%、7岁为91.56%,8岁为93.80%,9岁为90.58%,10岁为79.47%,11岁为66.43%,12岁为57.31%。女生(PR=1.08, 95%CI:1.00~1.28,P=0.047)、年龄<12岁(PR9岁=4.58, 95%CI:3.65~5.75;PR10岁=3.92, 95%CI:3.11~4.95;PR11岁=2.36, 95%CI:1.86~3.00,均有P<0.001)、郊县(PR=1.57, 95%CI:1.32~1.86,P<0.001)、平均每天放学后做作业/读写时间≥3 h(PR=1.27, 95%CI:1.02~1.59,P=0.034)、经常或总是读写时眼睛离书本距离<33 cm(PR=1.19, 95%CI:1.05~1.34,P=0.006)、经常或总是躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕(PR=1.31, 95%CI:1.07~1.61,P=0.010)、父母一方/双方近视(PR=1.16, 95%CI:1.03~1.30,P=0.014)可能是9~12岁非近视儿童远视储备不足的危险因素,课间休息活动在户外(PR=0.70, 95%CI:0.62~0.80,P<0.001)可能是9~12岁非近视儿童远视储备不足的保护因素。结论 广州市非近视儿童远视储备不足检出率仍处于较高水平,并受遗传因素、性别、年龄、地区、课间休息活动场所、持续读写时间和距离、用眼姿势等因素综合影响。
Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of insufficient hyperopia reserve among children without myopia in Guangzhou. Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method, 2-3 kindergartens, 2 primary schools and 2 junior high schools were selected from 11 districts in Guangzhou for ophthalmic examinations and questionnaire survey, Sep-Dec, 2021. Among them, 8 335 non-myopic children aged 6-12 years were selected as subjects to analyze the status of refraction and insufficient hyperopia reserve. And the influencing factors of insufficient hyperopia reserve were investigated among 3 216 non-myopic children aged 9-12 years using by χ^(2) test and multivariate Log-binomial regression models. Results In 2021, the spherical equivalent(SE) of non-myopic children aged 6-12 years in Guangzhou was +0.13(-0.25, +0.50) D, and the detection rate of insufficient hyperopia reserve was 85.18%. The SE of each age group from 6 to 12 years was +0.38(0.00,+0.75) D, +0.25(-0.13, +0.50) D, +0.13(-0.13, +0.50) D, +0.13(-0.25, +0.38) D, 0.00(-0.38, +0.38) D, 0.00(-0.38, +0.25) D,-0.13(-0.50, +0.25) D, and the detection rate of insufficient hyperopia reserve was 88.57%, 91.56%, 93.80%, 90.58%, 79.47%, 66.43%, 57.31%, respectively. Female(PR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.00-1.28, P=0.047), age <12 years old(PR9=4.58, 95% CI: 3.65-5.75, P<0.001;PR10=3.92, 95% CI: 3.11-4.95, P<0.001;PR11=2.36, 95% CI: 1.86-3.00, P<0.001), suburb area(PR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.32-1.86, P<0.001), long homework time(≥3 h/d)(PR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.59, P=0.034), the distance between the eyes and the books always or often<33 cm when reading and writing(PR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.34, P=0.006), always or often lying down reading books or watching electronic screen(PR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.07-1.61, P=0.010), parental myopia(PR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.30, P=0.014) could be the risk factors for insufficient hyperopia reserve of the non-myopic children aged 9-12 years old. However, outdoor activity during recess could be the protective factor(PR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.62-0.80, P<0.
作者
孙艺
林蓉
熊莉华
陈思宇
陈坤才
吴德平
刘伟佳
SUN Yi;LIN Rong;XIONG Li-hua;CHEN Si-yu;CHEN Kun-cai;WU De-ping;LIU Wei-jia(Department of School Health,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou 510440,China;Office of Center Director,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou 510440,China)
出处
《中华疾病控制杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期368-372,共5页
Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention
基金
广州市卫生健康科技项目(20221A011068,20211A011055)。
关键词
远视储备不足
近视
影响因素
儿童
横断面研究
Insufficient hyperopia reserve
Myopia
Influencing factor
Children
Cross-sectional studies
