摘要
摸清果园间套种大豆的发展情况有利于充分挖掘大豆的扩面增产潜力,为实现稳粮增油的政策目标提供参考。基于粮食安全视角,本文利用调研数据,从不同区域、不同类型果树间套种大豆、果树间套种不同作物3个角度梳理果园间套种大豆的生产现状,分析发展潜力,剖析现阶段推广果园间套种大豆面临的现实困境,并提出政策建议。结果表明:(1)2021年全国果园间套种大豆的面积为15.37万hm^(2),主要分布于西南和西北地区,以苹果、柑橘、梨、桃等果园间套种大豆为主,种植用途主要为绿肥还田和收获籽粒,成本收益方面,大豆种植利润普遍不高,呈现出西部低于中部和东部、间套种大豆低于其他作物的特征;(2)果园间套种大豆具有综合效益,短期具备73.33万hm^(2)的扩面潜力,但随着耕地用途管控收紧和幼龄果园逐步挂果封行,至2030年,面积将稳定在46.67万hm^(2),可增产69.91万t大豆;(3)现阶段果园间套种大豆的发展面临着长远发展空间受限、大豆种植比较效益低、间套种机械化水平低、间套种生产管理难度大、间套种基础设施缺乏和区域内大豆加工业与种植业脱离的现实困境。为此,优化间套种大豆布局、加大专项资金支持、强化技术研究集成、提升农机作业水平、提升大豆产业区域竞争力和加强技术指导与示范推广是破解果园间套种大豆应用推广难题的必要举措。
Looking into the development of soybean interplanting in orchards can help in fully tapping the potentials of soybean area expansion and yield increases and provide a reference for realizing the policy goal of stabilizing grain output and increasing oil production. In the context of food security goals, this paper uses three perspectives in organizing research data on the current production scenarios of soybean interplanting in orchards: Regions, types of orchards, and crops in orchards. At the same time, this paper analyzes the development potential, dissects the real-life dilemmas in promoting soybean interplanting in orchards at this stage, and articulates some policy recommendations. Results indicate that, in 2021, at least 153 700 ha of soybeans were intercropped in orchards in China, mainly in the southwest and northwest regions. Soybeans were intercropped in apple, citrus, pear, and peach orchards. Moreover, the interplanted soybeans were mainly used for green manure and seed harvesting. A cost and benefit analysis reveals that profits for soybean planting are generally low and less profitable in the west than in the east and in the middle, and that interplanting soybean is less profitable than interplanting other crops. Second, soybean interplanting in orchards provides comprehensive benefits, such as a short-term expansion potential of about 733 300 ha. However, with better control of arable land use and gradual fruiting and sealing of young orchards, the area will stabilize at about 466 700 ha by 2030, with an increase of about 699 100 tons of soybean production. However, developments in orchard intercropping soybean face challenges such as limited long-term development space, low comparative benefits of soybean cultivation, a low level of intercropping mechanization, difficulties in interplanting production management, a lack of intercropping infrastructure, and the disengagement of the soybean processing and planting sectors in the region. To address the issues in the application and promotion of soyb
作者
杨钰莹
司伟
汤松
陈渊
张明荣
马俊奎
梁福琴
YANG Yu-ying;SI Wei;TANG Song;CHEN Yuan;ZHANG Ming-rong;MA Jun-kui;LIANG Fu-qin(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of the Ministry of Agriculture of China,Beijing 100125,China;Institute of Cash Crops,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,China;Institute of Industrial Crops,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China;Yan'an Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yan'an 716000,China)
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期235-244,共10页
Soybean Science
基金
国家大豆产业技术体系专项(CRAS-04-10B)。
关键词
大豆扩种
果园间套种大豆
生产现状
成本收益
发展潜力
政策建议
expansion of soybean area
soybean interplanting in orchards
current status of production
cost benefit
development potential
policy recommendations
