摘要
在许多华北年画中,都会有姜太公、刘伯温两个“军师”的形象,以此为基本资料依据,参以《封神演义》《英烈传》等讲史小说、戏曲、传说等,可探讨士人在与皇权打交道过程中的关系问题。在传统天命观下,一个新朝的潜在皇帝登场后,必须有一位军师“出山”,这部英雄史才有一个真正的“开端”。从姜太公到刘伯温,士人与皇权的关系经历了从平等到压抑的过程,折射出以“隐士”为象征的道统与以“帝王”为代表的政统之间复杂而微妙的历史变化。
This paper examines Jiang Taigong(Zhou dynasty)and Liu Bowen(Ming dynasty),the best-known hermits and counsellors in Chinese political history,in the folk paintings in North China,especially in the famous Yangjiabu paintings in Shandong Province.The figures should be analyzed along with the novels,dramas and sagas,whose origins can be found in the historical novels such as Legend of Deification(Fengshen Yanyi),or Heroes of the Ming Dynasty(Ming Yinglie).In the paintings,the potential emperor was usually accompanied by a“military counsellor(jun shi)”.Henceforth,the heroic history would be reset in order to create a new dynasty.In the case of Jiang Taigong and Liu Bowen,the stories told that the emperor would have established supremacy over his counsellors in the end,while they might be equal in their status in the very beginning.The change in status of the hermits implied some deep transition of the relationship between the savants(shi)and the emperor.
出处
《民俗研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期29-50,158,共23页
Folklore Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国古代农耕图像的搜集、整理与研究”(项目编号:20&ZD218)的阶段性成果。
关键词
英雄史
出山
隐士
皇权
政治宇宙观
history of heroes
coming out from the mountains
hermit
kingship
political cosmology
