摘要
秸秆覆盖种植是一项新型的绿色环保、可持续发展的旱作农业种植技术。为充分规避秸秆全地面覆盖的低温效应对作物出苗、甚至产量的影响,通过采用秸秆局部覆盖的种植方式,研究确定适合旱作马铃薯增产提效的种植模式。在甘肃省定西市以传统露地平作种植为对照,设高垄秸秆局部覆盖(RM)、平作秸秆局部覆盖(FM)及地膜局部覆盖(PM)研究秸秆局部覆盖种植方式对土壤水热分布变化及马铃薯产量的影响。覆盖较CK提高0~180 cm土层平均土壤贮水6.55%~16.81%,平均提高12.25%,覆盖间保墒效果RM>FM>PM。与CK相比,PM提高马铃薯全生育期0~25 cm土层土壤平均温度1.24℃,秸秆覆盖的降温效应FM高于RM,FM及RM降低土壤平均温度1.82和1.25℃。覆盖较CK显著提高马铃薯产量及水分利用效率(Water use efficiency,WUE),覆盖较CK增产20.55%~22.65%,WUE提高23.25%~26.67%。可见,高垄秸秆局部覆盖(RM)是一种增产提效且适宜于西北旱作农业绿色可持续发展的种植模式。
Straw mulch planting is a new green and sustainable dry farming technology.In order to fully avoid the influence of low temperature effect of straw mulching on crop emergence and even yield,the planting mode of partial straw mulching was adopted to study and determine the planting mode suitable for increasing yield and economic benefit of dry land planting potatoes.In Dingxi City,Gansu Province,compared with the traditional flat planting without mulching(CK),the effects of high ridge with partial straw mulching(RM),flat planting with partial straw mulching(FM)and flat planting with partial plastic film mulching(PM) on soil moisture and temperature distribution,and potato yield were studied.Compared with CK,the average soil water storage by mulching in 0-180 cm soil layer was increased by6.55%-16.81%,with an average increase of 12.25%.The soil moisture conservation effect with mulching was as RMFMPM.Compared with CK,PM increased the average soil temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer by 1.24℃ during the whole growth period.The cooling effect of straw mulching of FM was higher than that of RM,and FM and RM reduced the average soil temperature by 1.82 and 1.25℃,respectively.Compared with CK,mulching significantly improved potato yield and water use efficiency(WUE),increasing yield by 20.55%-22.65% and WUE by 23.25%-26.67%.Therefore,high ridge with partial straw mulching(RM) is a planting pattern that could increase yield and improve economic benefit and is suitable for the green and sustainable development of dryland agriculture in Northwest China.
作者
马菊花
黄彩霞
MA Juhua;HUANG Caixia(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)
出处
《中国马铃薯》
2023年第1期18-25,共8页
Chinese Potato Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31960380)
兰州市科技计划项目(2022-2-62)。
关键词
马铃薯
秸秆局部覆盖
水分
温度
产量
potato
partial straw mulching
water
temperature
yield
