摘要
贵州重安江流域皮陇河源头区采矿形成的煤矿酸性废水(AMD)对地表及地下水造成严重污染。由于地处碳酸盐岩发育区,岩溶作用极其发育大大增加了AMD治理难度。基于喀斯特地区煤矿AMD治理项目实践,根据AMD产生和污染机理,结合区内地质环境条件和先进生态修复理念,采用生态修复综合技术对区内一系列生态环境问题进行系统治理:源头区采用“主动治理”技术,使用生石灰对AMD进行中和,对煤矸石等尾矿进行无害化封存填埋的同时修复相对隔水层杜绝源头AMD产生;末端采用“被动治理”技术综合应用,使用石灰石修筑可渗透反应墙、沉淀反应池、可渗透反应岸和生态湿地等工程,对AMD系统收集、逐级净化;同时在人工湿地中利用微生物、植物和水生动物联合作用对水体重金属离子逐级去除并恢复水生生态系统功能。治理后水体pH值由2.54~3.90提升至7.10~8.19,多呈弱碱性,Fe离子浓度由137.51mg/L下降至0.24mg/L,净化率达97.76%,重金属离子Hg、Zn、As等均得到净化。目前治理工程运行稳定且寿命随时间推移而延长,这一实践经验对喀斯特地区煤矿AMD治理具有重要推广应用价值。
The acid mine drainage(AMD) formed by mining in the source area of Pilong River in Chong'an River of Guizhou Province has caused serious pollution to the surface and groundwater.Moreover,the extremely developed karstification of carbonate rocks has greatly increased the difficulty of AMD treatment.Based on the project practice of AMD treatment in coal mines in karst area,according to the mechanism of AMD generation and pollution,combined with the geological environment conditions and advanced ecological restoration concept,a series of ecological environmental problems in the area were systematically treated with ecological restoration comprehensive technology.In the source area,the “active treatment” technology is adopted to neutralize AMD with quicklime,and the waste tailings such as coal gangue and other tailings are sealed and buried harmlessly.Meanwhile,the relative water barrier layer is repaired toprevent the occurrence of AMD at the source.In the terminal area,“passive treatment” technology is applied comprehensively,and limestone is used to build permeable reaction wall,sedimentation reaction tank,permeable reaction bank and ecological wetland to collect and purify AMD system step by step.At the same time,the combined action of microorganisms,plants and aquatic animals is used to gradually remove heavy metal ions in water and restore the function of aquatic ecosystem in constructed wetlands.After a series of treatment,the pH of the water increased from 2.54 ~ 3.90 to 7.10 ~ 8.19,mostly weakly alkaline.The concentration of Fe ions decreased from 137.51 mg/L to 0.24 mg/L,and the purification rate reached 97.76%.The heavy metal ions such As Hg,Zn and As were purified.At present,the operation of the treatment project is stable and the service life is extended with the passage of time.This practical experience has important application value for AMD treatment in coal mines in karst areas.
作者
周文龙
杨胜兴
李汝红
熊远鹏
刘琴
令狐燕艳
丁丁
ZHOU Wenlong;YANG Shengxing;LI Ruhong;XIONG Yuanpeng;LIU Qin;LINGHU Yanyan;DING Ding(Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration,Non-Ferrous Metals and Nuclear Industry Geological Exploration Bureau of Guizhou,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005;Non-Ferrous Metals and Nuclear Industry Geological Exploration Bureau of Guizhou,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005;General geophysical and geochemical team of Non-Ferrous Metals and Nuclear Industry Geological Exploration Bureau of Guizhou,Duyun,Guizhou 558004;Guizhou Vocational and Technical College of Water and Hydropower,Guiyang,Guizhou 551400)
出处
《中国煤炭地质》
2023年第2期33-40,52,共9页
Coal Geology of China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41803044)
贵州国土空间生态修复专项基金项目(黔财建[2020]155号)。
关键词
煤矿酸性废水
喀斯特地区
生态修复治理
重安江流域
acid mine drainage(AMD)
karst area
ecological restoration and management
Chong’an River
