摘要
在大理州土地流转区域内,结合气候和土壤特点以烟草为中心作物,研究轮作周期内作物养分供应技术对植烟土壤及烤烟生产的影响。研究结果表明:(1)洱海流域烤烟—豌豆(莴笋)—水稻—豌豆(莴笋)—烤烟的轮作模式下,前作为豌豆时,2年4茬作物采收后的土壤pH值下降了0.11个单位,有机质含量增加0.14%,碱解性氮含量下降了14.17%,有效磷含量下降了49.96%,速效钾含量下降了63.79%;前作为莴笋时,土壤pH值下降了0.05单位,有机质含量增加0.11%,碱解性氮含量下降了40.79%、有效磷含量下降了21.82%、速效钾含量下降了52.81%;前作为豌豆,后作烤烟(红花大金元)的产量、产值、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例分别为228.5 kg/667 m^(2)、6900.70元/667 m^(2)、64.6%、91.5%,较前作为莴笋分别增加4.05%、3.36%、3.3个百分点、0.9个百分点,且中部烟叶的化学成分协调性良好;(2)非洱海流域烤烟—豌豆(大蒜)—水稻—豌豆(大蒜)—烤烟轮作模式下,前作为豌豆的2年4茬作物采收后的土壤pH值下降了0.07个单位,有机质含量增加1.22%,碱解性氮含量增加16.15%,有效磷含量下降了13.70%,速效钾含量增加84.76%;前作为大蒜的土壤pH值下降了0.8个单位,有机质含量减少1.00%,碱解性氮含量增加42.19%,有效磷含量增加216.07%,速效钾含量增加118.94%;前作为豌豆,后作烤烟(云烟87)的产量、产值、上等烟比例、中上等烟比例分别为223.4 kg/667 m^(2)、6474.00元/667 m^(2)、70.5%、90.8%,较前作为大蒜分别增加4.68%、9.96%、2.0个百分点、2.3个百分点;(3)整体而言,以豌豆和水稻构建的大理州特色烤烟轮作模式,对烤烟生产、烟农收入、环境保护等方面均具有积极的影响。
Tobacco was taken as the core crop.Combined the soil and climatic conditions in the land transfer area of Dali Prefecture,the effects of crop nutrient supply technology on tobacco planting soil and flue-cured tobacco production were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The Erhai Lake Basin had formed a crop rotation pattern of flue-cured tobacco-pea/lettuce-rice-pea/lettuce-flue-cured tobacco.When peas were cultivated as predecessor,the soil pH value decreased by 0.11 units after all crops were harvested in two years.The organic matter content increased by 0.14%.The content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased by 14.17%.The content of available phosphorus decreased by 49.96%,and the content of available potassium decreased by 63.79%.When lettuce was cultivated as predecessor,the soil pH decreased by 0.05 units.The content of organic matter increased by 0.11%.The content of alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen decreased 40.79%.The content of available phosphorus decreased by 21.82%,and the content of available potassium decreased by 52.81%.When peas were cultivated as predecessor,the yield of tobacco,output,proportion of upper-class tobacco,the proportion of middle and upper class tobacco were 228.5 kg,6900.70 yuan,64.6%and 91.5%,which were 4.05%,3.36%,3.3 precentage points and 0.9 precentage points higher than lettuce as the predecessor respectively.The chemical composition of the tobacco leaves in the middle part of flue-cured tobacco was well coordinated.(2)The non-Erhai Lake Basin formed a crop rotation pattern of flue-cured tobacco-pea/garlic-rice-pea/garlic-flue-cured tobacco.When the pea were cultivated as predecessor,the soil pH value decreased by 0.07 units.The organic matter content increased by 1.21%.The alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content increased by 16.15%.Available phosphorus content decreased by 13.70%,and available potassium content increased by 84.76%after all crops were harvested in two years.When the garlic were cultivated as predecessor,soil pH value decreased by 0.8 units.Organic matter co
作者
孙军伟
范志勇
户艳霞
张建斌
王斌
华小兵
张志红
李思颖
罗启鹏
王林涛
SUN Jun-wei;FAN Zhi-yong;HU Yan-xia;ZHANG Jian-bin;WANG Bin;HUA Xiao-bing;ZHANG Zhi-hong;LI Si-ying;LUO Qi-peng;WANG Lin-tao(Dali Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Dali 671000,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Screening and Application of Microbial Strains,Kunming 650217,China;Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650217,China)
出处
《江西农业学报》
CAS
2023年第1期21-27,35,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi
基金
云南省烟草公司科技计划重点项目“大理烤烟轮作周期内营养调控技术研究与应用”(2019530000241016)。
关键词
洱海流域
非洱海流域
烤烟
大理
轮作模式
Erhai Lake Basin
Non-Erhai Lake Basin
Flue-cured tobacco
Dali
Rotation pattern