摘要
跨国企业投资带动各生产要素全球性自由流动和交换,中国旅游企业海外投资逐渐呈现多线程、复杂网络结构形态。基于连锁网络模型和社会网络分析方法,该文考察了目的地区位选择视角下2004—2019年中国旅游企业海外投资网络的整体结构和空间特征。研究发现:①旅游企业海外投资网络整体密度较低,具有显著的距离衰减和零散分布特征;2014—2019年北美和东亚海外投资累计数量较多,其次为西欧、大洋洲和东南亚,非洲和南美洲数量最少。②旅游企业海外投资空间分布双核主导优势明显,“核心—边缘”结构特征明显,形成以中国香港、日本为核心的亚洲东部及东南部区域和以美国、荷兰为核心的欧美区域两大板块。③旅游企业海外投资网络度数中心度分层明显,具有跳跃式特征,呈现“富人俱乐部”态势;中间中心度和结构洞水平整体数值偏小,目的地枢纽作用差距较大且不显著,海外投资“马太效应”明显。最后从旅游企业的海外投资动机、目的地需求异质性、节点辐射效应发挥等方面提出优化中国旅游企业海外投资网络的对策建议。
Investment by multinational enterprise drives the global free flow and exchange of various production factors.China′s overseas tourism investment gradually presents a multi-threaded and complex network structure.Based on the chain network model and social network analysis,this paper constructed the overseas investment network of Chinese tourism enterprises,and investigated the overall structure and node characteristics of the overseas investment network of Chinese tourism enterprises from 2004 to 2019 from the perspective of location selection of the host country.It is found as follows.①The overall density of overseas investment network of Chinese tourism enterprises is low,with significant distance attenuation and scattered distribution characteristics.From 2014 to 2019,the cumulant of overseas investment projects of Chinese tourism enterprises is the largest in North America and East Asia,followed by Western Europe,Oceania and Southeast Asia,and the least in Africa and South America.②The spatial distribution of overseas investment of tourism enterprises has obvious dual core dominant advantages,and the"core-periphery"structure is significant,forming two major regions,namely,the eastern and southeastern regions of Asia with Hong Kong and Japan as the cores and the European and American regions with the United States and the Netherlands as the cores.③The degree centrality of overseas investment network of Chinese tourism enterprises are obviously stratified,with jumping characteristics,showing the trend of"rich-club".The overall values of betweeness centrality and structural hole level are relatively small,the gap in the role of national hubs is large and not significant,and the"Matthew effect"of overseas investment is obvious.Relevant suggestions are put forward to optimize the overseas investment network of Chinese tourism enterprises from the aspects of the overseas investment motivation of tourism enterprises,the demand heterogeneity of the destination and node radiation effect.
作者
王娟
魏荣杰
马红梅
WANG Juan;WEI Rongjie;MA Hongmei(Management College,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100;Institute of Marine Development of Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)
出处
《地理与地理信息科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第2期98-106,共9页
Geography and Geo-Information Science
基金
国家社科基金一般项目(20BJY199)
国家社科基金重大项目(21&ZD100)。
关键词
旅游企业
海外投资网络
社会网络分析
连锁网络模型
tourism enterprises
overseas investment network
social network analysis
chain network model
