摘要
岩爆是金属矿地下开采中难以回避的一种动力学地质灾害,其发生频率和程度将会随着金属矿山采深不断增加而愈加严重,岩爆至今仍是岩石力学领域的世界性难题。首先总结了我国金属矿山岩爆灾害的发生现状,然后重点围绕岩爆发生机制及岩爆预测两方面,探讨了我国金属矿山岩爆的研究进展,并基于能量理论提出了一种岩爆灾害预测的新方法。研究表明:①室内压缩试验是岩爆机制研究的最主要手段,根据试样受力条件可分为单轴加载、双轴加载、真三轴加载及动静组合加载;岩爆的力学机制可归纳为压致拉裂、压致剪切拉裂和弯曲鼓折3种。②指标判据法和数学模型方法是国内外学者最普遍关注的岩爆预测手段;指标判据法是针对某一工程的经验性总结,不具普遍性;数学模型方法无法获得岩爆影响因素的内在作用机制,可解释性较差。在上述分析的基础上,对岩爆机制及岩爆预测的研究方向进行了展望,供后续工作参考。
Rockburst is an unavoidable dynamic geological disaster in underground mining of metal mines.Its frequency and degree will be more and more serious with the continuous increase of mining depth of metal mines.Rockburst is still a worldwide problem in the field of rock mechanics.Firstly,the current situation of rockburst disasters in metal mines in China was summarized;Then,the research progress on the mechanism and prediction of rockburst was discussed;Finally,a new method for rockburst prediction was proposed based on the energy theory of rock mechanics.The main conclusions are as follows:①The compressive test is one of the most important means to study the mechanism of rockburst.According to the loading conditions of the sample,it can be divided into uniaxial loading,biaxial loading,true triaxial loading and coupled static and dynamic loading.The mechanical mechanism of rockburst can be summarized into three types:compression induced cracking,compression induced shear cracking and bending bulge.②The index criterion method and mathematical method are two of the most widely used rockburst prediction methods.Index criterion method is empirical summary for a certain project,which is not universal.The internal influencing mechanism of rockburst factors can not be obtained by mathematical methods,and its interpretability is poor.On the basis of the above analysis,the study directions of rockburst mechanism and prediction are prospected,so as to provide reference for the subsequent work.
作者
乔兰
董金水
刘建
陈璐
QIAO Lan;DONG Jinshui;LIU Jian;CHEN Lu(School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 102628,China)
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第3期14-28,共15页
Metal Mine
基金
国家自然科学基金—山东联合基金重点项目(编号:U1806209)。
关键词
地下金属矿山
岩爆
研究现状
机制
预测
underground metal mines
rockburst
study status
mechanism
prediction
