摘要
【目的】研究饲料油菜在新疆南北部正播、复播模式和不同采收次数下的生物产量及品质。【方法】以甘蓝型油菜饲油2号为研究对象,分别在新疆南北部正播、复种栽培试验,分析不同模式下饲料油菜的生物产量构成及品质指标含量变化。【结果】新疆南部复播模式下,饲料油菜生长92 d时,株高为1.47 m,单株鲜重0.77 kg,鲜草的生物量为7923 kg/667m^(2),粗蛋白含量高达20%,粗纤维和灰分含量分别为21%和14.5%,饲用品质好;新疆北部种植区,复播种植饲料油菜89 d,株高为0.91 m,单株鲜重0.3 kg,鲜草产量为4978 kg/667m^(2),粗蛋白含量为14.9%,纤维和灰分含量分别为14.1%和12.5%,利于消化吸收,但部分营养品质指标低于其他种植模式。正播种植模式下饲料油菜的产量较低,第一茬鲜草产量为1243 kg/667m^(2),粗脂肪含量高达3.6%,植株成熟度高,鲜草纤维化程度高,饲用品质差。第二茬鲜草粗蛋白含量为15.9%,灰分含量为21%,粗纤维含量为18.6%,鲜草产量最低,为311 kg/667m^(2)。【结论】新疆南北部均采用复播模式,并在植株成熟后尽早收获,整个生育期以90 d为宜。
【Objective】To elucidate the biological yield and quality of forage rape under the mode of direct sowing,multiple cropping and different harvest times in the northern and southern Xinjiang.【Method】Brassica napus Siyou 2 was taken as the research object,the experiment of direct seeding and multiple cropping was carried out in the souther and northern Xinjiang to analyze the changes of biomass composition and quality index content of forage rape under different modes.【Result】The results showed that in the southern Xinjiang replanting mode,the plant height was 1.47 m,the fresh weight was 0.77 kg,the biomass of fresh grass was 7,923 kg/667m^(2),the content of crude protein was 20%,the contents of crude fiber and ash were 21%and 14.5%respectively,and the feed quality was good;Under the northern Xinjiang planting mode,the plant height,fresh weight per plant,yield,crude protein content,fiber and ash content of forage rape were 0.91 m,0.3 kg,4,978 kg/667m^(2),14.9%,14.1%and 12.5%,respectively,which were beneficial to digestion and absorption,but some nutritional quality indexes were lower than other planting modes.The yield of forage rape was relatively low under the normal planting mode,the first crop fresh grass yield was 1,243 kg/667m^(2),the crude fat content was as high as 3.6%,the plant maturity was high,the fresh grass fibrosis degree was high,and the feeding quality was poor.The contents of crude protein,ash and crude fiber in the second crop were 15.9%,21%and 18.6%,respectively.The yield of fresh grass was 311 kg/667m^(2).【Conclusion】Based on the analysis of yield and quality,it is recommended that the replanting mode should be adopted in the southern and northern Xinjiang,and the plants should be harvested as early as possible after maturity,and the whole growth period should be 90 days.
作者
杨金钰
许咏梅
张彦红
周勃
YANG Jinyu;XU Yongmei;ZHANG Yanhong;ZHOU Bo(Research Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第1期226-233,共8页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费“北方一熟区耕地培肥与合理农作制”(201503120)
自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项“麦后复种饲料油菜技术研究及对土壤的培肥效应”(KY2015076)
兵团重大科技项目“盐碱地饲料油菜高产种植节本增效技术研发与示范”(2018AA005-2)。
关键词
饲料油菜
正播
复播
品质
forage rape
direct seeding
multiple cropping
quality
