摘要
秸秆还田是维持和改善土壤质量的有效途径。为探究秸秆秋季湿耙还田对辽南稻区土壤酶活性、土壤养分含量和水稻产量的影响,在辽宁省盘锦市采用随机区组设计,设置秸秆不还田(S0)、秸秆全量还田(S1)和穗肥减量16 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(1))、常规穗肥用量32 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2))两因素试验。结果表明:与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆秋季湿耙还田处理的土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶、FDA水解酶活性显著提高,蔗糖酶活性显著降低;碱性磷酸酶活性在分蘖期和抽穗期显著降低,成熟期较S0N_(2)显著提高6.2%~13.5%;多酚氧化酶活性在分蘖期显著降低,抽穗期和成熟期较S0N_(2)显著增加20.8%~26.7%和22.3%~28.7%。秸秆秋季湿耙还田显著提高水稻各生育时期土壤速效钾、有机碳和全氮含量,显著降低分蘖期和成熟期硝态氮含量以及分蘖期pH值,水稻分蘖期土壤铵态氮含量较S0N_(2)显著提高42.2%~41.0%,硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机碳含量S1N_(1)和S1N_(2)处理间均无显著差异。相关性分析表明,土壤多酚氧化酶活性与有机碳含量呈显著正相关,碱性磷酸酶活性与土壤速效磷含量呈显著正相关;土壤脲酶、FDA水解酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性均与土壤速效钾和全氮含量呈显著正相关;土壤蔗糖酶活性与土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、速效钾、有机碳和全氮含量显著负相关。各处理间水稻产量均无显著差异。综上所述,秸秆秋季湿耙还田结合减量施用穗肥在稳定产量同时维持了土壤营养物质均衡,促进了土壤养分供应和转化,对辽南稻区秸秆处理有指导意义。
Straw returning is an effective way to maintain and improve soil quality.To explore the effects of straw returning by wet harrow in autumn on soil enzyme activity,soil nutrient content and rice yield in southern Liaoning rice region,an experiment following randomized block design was conducted in Panjin City,Liaoning Province.There were two factors with two levels of each factor,namely,no straw returning(S0),total straw returning(S1),panicle fertilizer reduction of 16 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(1))and conventional panicle fertilizer dosage of 32 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(2)).The results showed that straw returning to the fields by wet harrow in autumn significantly increased the activities ofβ-glucosidase,urease and FDA hydrolase in the soil,and significantly decreased the activities of invertase.The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly decreased at tillering stage and heading stage by straw returning,but increased by 6.2%-13.5%at maturity stage compared with S0N_(2).Polyphenol oxidase activity was significantly decreased at tillering stage,but increased by 20.8%-26.7%and 22.3%-28.7%at heading and maturity stages compared with S0N_(2),respectively.Soil available potassium,organic carbon and total nitrogen contents at different growth stages of rice were significantly increased by returning straw with wet harrow in autumn,while soil nitrate content and soil pH at tillering stage and mature stage were significantly decreased by straw returning with wet harrow in autumn.The soil ammonium content at tillering stage of rice was significantly increased by 42.2%-41.0%,compared with that of S0N_(2).There was no significant difference in soil nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic carbon contents between S1N_(1)and S1N_(2).Soil polyphenol oxidase activity was significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon content,while alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus content.The activities of soil urease,FDA hydrolase andβ-glucosidas
作者
宋鹏
杨振中
万祖梁
王鑫彤
张文忠
王国骄
SONG Peng;YANG Zhenzhong;WAN Zuliang;WANG Xintong;ZHANG Wenzhong;WANG Guojiao(College Agro-nomy of Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期569-576,共8页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
“兴辽英才”计划领军人才项目(XLYC2002073)
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300306-02)资助。
关键词
秋季湿耙还田
水稻
秸秆
土壤酶活性
土壤养分
returning by wet harrow in autumn
rice
straw
soil enzyme activity
soil nutrient
