摘要
明中叶以来,士绅结客成风,依托于宾礼并在私家举行的演剧活动日趋盛行,尤以江浙地区最为突出。一方面,士绅主导宾礼演剧,为昆曲编写剧本,培养伶人,建构观演空间,深度参与昆曲的创造,对昆曲艺术品格的形成发挥了重要影响。另一方面,由于演剧是款宾仪式的组成部分,观演空间既是剧场,也是交际场。建名园、蓄家乐、工诗文是士绅建构交际场的基础,而演戏、唱曲、题咏则是其在交际场中不断提高名气并积累人脉的手段。由于宾礼演剧的兴盛,昆曲的仪式功能与交际功能都得以显著增强。正是得益于文化功能的大幅提升,昆曲在明清之际达到鼎盛。总之,文化功能是决定昆曲兴衰的重要关纽。
Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty,it had been a common practice for gentry to entertain guests,and there was a growing popularity of private theatre performance for entertaining guests,especially in Jiang-zhe areas.On the one hand,the gentry were deeply involved in the creation of Kunqu opera in many ways,such as,directing the performance,writing scripts,cultivating performers,and constructing the spectating space,which played a great role in promoting the formation of the artistic features of Kunqu opera;On the other hand,as the performance is an integral part of the ceremony for paying guests,the spectating space is not only a theatre,but also a social occasion.The foundations for the gentry's social activities included the building of gardens,the cultivation of private troupe,and the study of poetry and literature.And acting,singing,and poetry-writing were strategies to improve their fame and build up interpersonal network in the communication field.Due to the popularity of private theatre performance for entertaining guests,the sociable and ritual functions of Kunqu opera were significantly enhanced.Because of the substantial improvement of cultural functions,Kunqu opera reached its peak in the Ming and Qing dynasties and it can be seen that the cultural function is an important factor to determine the rise and fall of Kunqu opera.
作者
杨惠玲
YANG Hui-ling(School of Film,Xiamen University,Xiamen,Fujian 361005,China)
出处
《贵州大学学报（艺术版）》
2023年第2期51-59,F0003,共10页
Journal of Guizhou University Art Edition
基金
国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“中国戏曲班社通史”(项目编号:21ZD12)。
关键词
宾礼
礼乐
演剧
昆曲
文化功能
entertaining guests
rites and music
drama performance
Kunqu opera
cultural functions
