摘要
随着新疆机采棉膜下滴灌技术的发展,滴灌带的布置模式不断发生改变。为研究新疆地区膜下滴灌带的布置模式对土壤水热盐分布特性及棉花生长的影响,探索新疆机采棉种植最适宜的滴灌带布置模式,该研究采用2 a田间小区试验,设置2种膜下滴灌机采棉种植模式(T1:一膜两管六行模式;T2:一膜三管六行模式),另设置传统种植模式(T3:一膜两管四行模式)作为对照处理。结果得出T1和T2模式下土壤的保温隔热效果均优于常规模式T3,地膜覆盖下土壤温度增温快、降温慢,表现出较好的保温效果,有利于棉花早期的出苗发育;棉花生长中后期,T2模式下0~60 cm土层土壤平均含水率显著高于T1和T3模式(P<0.05),其耕层中上部保水能力更优;在棉花生长中期,T2模式下棉花主根系层形成一个脱盐区;整体而言,棉花生长后期0~60 cm土层土壤平均盐分T2<T3<T1,T2模式对控制土壤盐分积累效果最好,该滴灌带布置方式下棉花根区含盐量较利于棉花生长;T2处理棉花农艺性状及品质相对优于T1和T3;相比T1和T3,2017和2018年T2模式下棉花产量分别增加了6.15%、11.0%和8.1%、12.3%,WUE分别增加17.4%、22.7%和20.9%、22.8%,对新疆干旱地区而言,考虑节水和提高棉花产量推荐采用T2滴灌带布置模式进行机采棉种植。该研究对促进棉花生长、产量、品质及提高劳动效率,确保中国新疆区域棉花生产健康可持续发展具有重要意义。
The layout of drip tapes under mulch has changed in Xinjiang,China,with the development of machine-harvest cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)planting technology.This study aims to demonstrate the effects of drip tape modes on soil hydrothermal conditions,cotton yield,and Water Use Efficiency(WUE)of machine-harvest cotton under mulch in Xinjiang.A field experiment was conducted to set up two machine-harvest cotton planting patterns(T1:the cotton planting model with one film,two drip tapes,and six rows;T2:the cotton planting model with one film,three drip tapes,and six rows),and a conventional planting mode(T3:the cotton planting model with one film,two drip tapes,and four rows)as a control.Our results showed that the heat preservation and warming effects of T1 and T2 treatments were better than that of T3.Soil temperature under the mulching film quickly increased and slowly decreased,which was beneficial to the early growth and development of cotton;Under the mechanical harvesting mode,the wide film had a good effect of increasing temperature and heat preservation in the early growth stage of cotton,while in the late growth stage of cotton,the effect of film width on soil temperature was weakened.In general,the average soil water contents of 0-100 cm soil layer under T1 and T2 modes were 6.24%,5.00%,2.19%,and 7.44%higher than under T3 in 2017 and 2018,respectively.The mean soil moisture content of the 0-60 cm soil layer in T2 was significantly higher than that in T1 and T3 at the middle and late stage of cotton growth.Moreover,the water holding capacity of the middle and upper part of the tillage layer in T2 was the best.At the late growth stage of cotton,the soil moisture content of T1,T2,and T3 treatments had little difference.At the medium cotton growth stage,the main root layer in T2 formed a desalination zone.At the late cotton growth stage,the soil salinity under three modes of the 0-60 cm soil layer was T2<T3<T1.Among these three modes,T2 was the most efficient in controlling soil salt accumulation.The agronomic
作者
王东旺
王振华
张金珠
吕廷波
周博
李文昊
Wang Dongwang;Wang Zhenhua;Zhang Jinzhu;Lyu Tingbo;Zhou Bo;Li Wenhao(College of Water Conservancy&Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Water-saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production&Construction Group,Shihezi 832000,China;Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi 832000,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第S01期76-86,共11页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51869027)
干旱区滴灌节水兵团科技创新团队项目(2019CB004)
国家自然科学基金项目(51869028)。
关键词
产量
土壤水分
土壤温度
土壤盐分
机采棉
滴灌带布置模式
水分利用效率
yield
soil moisture
soil temperature
soil salinity
machine-harvest cotton
drip tape modes
water use efficiency
